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STL Dosyası Nedir, Nasıl Açılır? - HAKANSEYHAN
Geleceğin dünyasını şekillendireceği kabul edilen 3 boyutlu yazıcılarda üretilecek nesnelerin 3 boyutlu modelleri hakkında informasyon depolayan .stl uzantılı STL dosyası ile artık pek oldukça değişik alanda karşılaşmaya başladık. Gelin STL dosyası nedir, nasıl açılır benzer biçimde dört gözle beklenen tüm soruların yanıtlarına yakından bakalım.
Son yıllarda üretim alanı hızla artan bir teknoloji var, 3 boyutlu yazıcı. Pek oldukça kişiye nazaran 3 boyutlu yazıcılar geleceğin dünyasını şekillendirecek. Sistem rahat; bu yazıcılardan çıkarmak istediğiniz ürünü değişik yazılımlar üstünde modelliyor ve yazıcıya aktararak doğru araç-gereç ile üretilmesini seyrediyorsunuz. İşte hazırlanan bu modellerin saklandığı dosya .stl uzantılı STL dosya formatıdır.
STL dosya formatı, 3 boyutlu modeller hakkında temel detayları depoluyor. STL dosyalarının bu kadar yaygın olarak kullanılıyor olmasının sebebi, neredeyse tüm CAD tasarım programları ve 3 boyutlu yazıcılar tarafınca destekleniyor olması. Hatta bu dosya formatında pek oldukça hazır model bile bulabilirsiniz. Gelin STL dosyası nedir, nasıl açılır, hangi program ve web siteleri kullanılır birazcık daha yakından görelim.
STL dosyası nedir? .stl uzantılı STL dosyası, 3 boyutlu yazıcılarda üretilecek 3 boyutlu ürün modellerinin temel bilgilerini depolayan dosya formatıdır. Bir STL dosyası temel olarak 3 boyutlu ürünün renk ve doku benzer biçimde niteliklerini değil, yalnızca ürünün temel dış geometrik yapısını tanımlar. Bilgisayar destekli tasarım programlar tarafınca modelleme sürecinin sonrasında ürünü olarak ortaya bu STL dosyası çıkarılır.
STL dosyası, 3 boyutlu nesne modelleri için en yaygın kullanılan dosya formatıdır. Bunun sebebi; pek oldukça değişik CAD tasarım programı tarafınca desteklendiği için bir program üstünden açıldığı vakit direkt olarak 3 boyutlu yazıcı ile kontakt kurabilmesidir. Bir çok durumda bir 3 boyutlu modelin hem ilk hem de son detayları bir STL dosyasında saklanabilmektedir.
STL dosyası ne işe yarar, nasıl ortaya çıktı?
Son yıllarda yaygınlaşmış olsa da 3 boyutlu yazıcılarla ilk kez 1987 senesinde tanıştık. Yazıcının mucidi Chuck Hull, 3 boyutlu modelleri bu yazıcıya aktarmanın bir yolunu ararken mozaikleme kullanabileceğini fark etti. Şu demek oluyor ki nesne ne olursa olsun üstünde şeklini ortaya koyacak mozaikler olacaktı.
Hull tarafınca geliştirilen bu sistem bugün bile hala kullanılmaktadır. STL dosyası da mozaiklerle hazırlanan bu geometrik yapıyı depolamanın en iyi yoludur. Renk ve doku benzer biçimde nitelikler STL dosyasında depolanmadığı için renkli baskı meydana getiren 3 boyutlu yazıcılarda STL dosyaları kullanılmıyor. Sadece STL dosyasına mozaikler doğru bir halde işlenirse ortaya tam anlamıyla kusursuz ürünler çıkacaktır.
STL dosyası indirme işlemi:
STL dosyası, tasarım süreci sonunda elde edilmiş bir dosyadır. Sadece bir 3 boyutlu modele haiz olmak için ne olursa olsun bir tasarımcı olmanıza gerek yok. Buradaki bağlantı üstünden ulaşabileceğiniz Thingiverse ve benzeri web siteleri ile STL dosya formatındaki 3 boyutlu ürün modellerine ulaşabilirsiniz. Eğer bir 3 boyutlu yazıcınız var ise tek tuşla gördüğünüz modeli yetiştirebilirsiniz.
STL dosyası nasıl açılır?
Eğer istediğiniz yalnızca bir STL dosyasını açmak ve görüntülemekse bunun için kullanabileceğiniz pek oldukça değişik program ve web sitesi hizmeti bulunuyor. STL dosyalarını açmak kullanabileceğiniz programlardan bazıları;
Online olarak STL dosyalarını açmak için ViewSTL Sık sık STL dosyası açıyorsanız indirebileceğiniz GLC Player Windows 10 ve 11 işletim sistemi sürümlerinde bulunan Print 3D MacOS işletim sisteminde bulunan MacOS X Preview Bu programların yanı sıra 3 boyutlu tasarım hizmeti veren STL destekli tüm programlarda STL dosyalarını açmanız mümkün. STL dosyaları üstünde düzenleme yapmak istiyorsanız FreeCad, Autodesk Meshmixer ve SketchUp benzer biçimde programlar kullanabilirsiniz.
STL dönüştürme işlemi:
STL dosyasını G-Code komut dosyasına dönüştürme için Ultimaker Cura programını ya da MakePrintable web sitesini kullanabilirsiniz. STL dosyasını STEP CAD dosya biçimine dönüştürmek için Fusion 360 programını kullanabilirsiniz. STL dosyasını DXF ve DWG vektör veri dosyasına dönüştürmek için Blender programını kullanabilirsiniz. STL dosyasını OBJ dosya formatına dönüştürmek için MeshConvert web sitesini kullanabilirsiniz. 3 boyutlu yazıcılarda üretilecek nesnelerin 3 boyutlu model bilgilerini depolayan STL dosyası nedir, nasıl açılır, nasıl dönüştürülür benzer biçimde dört gözle beklenen soruları yanıtladık ve giderek alışmamız ihtiyaç duyulan bu dosya formatı hakkında bilmenizde fayda olan bazı detaylardan bahsettik. 3 boyutlu yazıcıların geleceği hakkında düşüncelerinizi yorumlarda paylaşabilirsiniz.
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