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Araştırmacılar Samanyolu'nda Devasa Bir Boşluk Keşfetti - HAKANSEYHAN
Araştırmacılar, Samanyolu Galaksisi’nde devasa bir boşluk keşfetti. Boşluğun, milyonlarca yıl ilkin bir süpernova sonucunda oluşmuş olabileceği düşünülüyor.
Biz bilincinde olmasak da, yıldızlar arasındaki boşluk aslen tamamen boş değil. Bu karanlık uzay boşluklarında, hafifçe ve o kadar da hafifçe olmayan gaz ve toz bulutları bulunuyor; 700 ışık yılı uzaklıkta bulunan çok büyük bir boşluk hariç .
Astronomlar, Perseus ve Taurus ekip yıldızları içinde 500 ışık yılından daha büyük çapı olan devasa bir boşluk keşfettiler.
Büyük bir süpernova sonucu oluşmuş olabilir
Per-Tau Shell olarak adlandırılan bu oldukça büyük boşluğun, milyonlarca yıl ilkin gerçekleşmiş olan minimum bir büyük süpernova patlaması sonucunda meydana geldiği ve Perseus ve Taurus ekip yıldızlarındaki yıldızların oluşumunu da tetiklemiş olabileceği düşünülüyor.
Harvard-Smithsonian Astrofizik Merkezi ’nde (CfA) kuramsal astrofizikçi olarak vazife meydana getiren Shmuel Bialy , mevzuyla ilgili olarak “Bu dev balonun yüzeyinde yüzlerce yıldız oluşuyor yada çoktan oluşmuş” diyor ve “İki teorimiz var- ya bu balonun tam merkezinde bir süpernova patladı ve gazı dışarıya iterek bizim bugün ‘Perseus-Taurus Süper Kabuğu’ olarak adlandırdığımız şeyi oluşturdu ya da milyonlarca senedir meydana gelen bir takım süpernova zaman içinde bunu yarattı. “ diye de ekliyor.
Uzayda herhangi bir şeyin haritasını çıkarmak oldukça zahmetli zor bir iştir. İki boyuttayken oldukça kolay sayılabilecek bu işlem; işin içine üçüncü boyut olan derinliğin girmesiyle epeyce detaylı bir emek harcama gerektiren bir işe dönüşür. Bunu yapmanın birkaç yolu olsa da, kısıtlı data ve imkansızlar göz önüne alındığında yapması oldukça sıkıntılı bir iştir.
Perseus ve Taurus moleküler bulutlarını incelemek için araştırmacılar, 2013’ten beri Samanyolu galaksisini mümkün olan en detaylı ve en yüksek hassasiyetle üç boyutlu haritalamak için çalışan Avrupa Uzay Ajansı ‘nın uydu gözlemevi Gaia ‘dan gelen verileri kullandılar ki bu, ana galaksimizin yapısını ve dolayısıyla tarihini anlamamıza destek olan en kuvvetli araçlardan biridir.
Bu veriler, bilim adamlarının etkileşimli 3 boyutlu görseller oluşturmasına olanak tanıyan, yapıştırıcı adında olan görsel yazılımı kullanılarak çözümleme edildi ve bu analizden elde edilmiş verilerle de astronomlar, bu ve öteki moleküler bulutlardaki gazın 3 boyutlu haritalarını çıkardı.
Süpernova, yıldız oluşumunu tetiklemiş olabilir
Harvard-Smithsonian CfA’da bir başka gökbilimci olan Catherine Zucker , gelişmelerle ilgili olarak “Bu bulutları senelerdir görebiliyoruz; sadece gerçek şekillerini, derinliklerini yada kalınlıklarını asla bilmiyorduk. Bulutların ne kadar uzakta olduğundan da güvenilir değildik” diyor ve “Artık yalnız yüzde 1 belirsizlikle nerede bulunduklarını biliyoruz, bu da aralarındaki boşluğu ayırt etmemize olanak sağlıyor. “ diye de ekliyor.
Bialy’nin ekibinin yapmış olduğu analize nazaran neredeyse küresel bir şekli olan bu boşluk; fazlaca büyük olasılıkla yıldızlararası uzayda her yöne şok dalgaları yürüyerek oldukça kuvvetli bir süpernova patlamasın sonucu oluştu. Oluşan bu şok dalgası da genişledikçe etraftaki cisimleri itip sıkıştırdı ve en sonunda da küresel bir kabuk meydana geldi.
Araştırmacılara gör bu kuram ek olarak moleküler bulutlardaki yıldız oluşumunun iyi mi tetiklenmiş olabileceğini de ortaya koyacak cinsten.
Zucker, “Gazın yıldızları oluşturmak için kendisini iyi mi tekrardan düzenlediğine dair birçok değişik kuram var, “ dedi ve devam etti: “Astronomlar bu kuramsal fikirleri geçmişte simülasyonları kullanarak kontrol ettiler, sadece bu, kuram ile gözlemi karşılaştırmak ve hangi teorilerin en iyi sonucu verdiğini değerlendirmek için gerçek -simüle edilmemiş- 3D görüntüleri ilk kez kullanışımız. “
Boşluğu oluşturan süpernova, Perseus ve Taurus ekip yıldızlarını da oluşturmuş olabilir
Yıldız oluşumunun, moleküler buluttaki daha yoğun bölgenin kendi yerçekimi altında çöküp dönmesiyle meydana geldiği düşünülmekte. Bir süpernovadan gelen şok dalgasının bu bölgenin etrafındaki boşluğa yayılmasıyla yıldızlararası ortamdaki gaz süpürülüp yoğun bölgelere haiz moleküler bulutlar oluşturabilir ve arkasından da yıldızlar oluşmaya adım atar.
Ekip, Per-Tau Shell’in bu şekilde oluşmuş olduğuna inanıyor. Tekrardan yapılandırma gösteriyor ki bundan 6 ila 22 milyon yıl ilkin gerçekleşen birden fazla süpernova, yıldızlararası ortamda bir boşluk yarattı ve Perseus ile Taurus moleküler bulutlarının da oluşmasına niçin oldu.
Mevzuya dair Bialy, “Bu, bir yıldız öldüğünde onun süpernovasının sonunda yeni yıldızların doğuşuna yol açabilecek bir vakalar zinciri yarattığını gösteriyor.“ ifadelerini kullandı.
Kaynak :
https://www.sciencealert.com/astronomers-have-found-a-giant-spherical-cavity-in-space
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