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Taşınabilir Müziğin 42 Senelik Serüveni - HAKANSEYHAN
1979 senesinde piyasaya sürülen Walkman’den istediğimiz herhangi bir müziğe anında erişmemizi elde eden akıllı telefonlara, taşınabilir müziğin 40 yılı aşkın macerasını anlattık.
Müzik, hayatımızın her alanında eğer olmazsa olmaz dediğimiz ender şeylerden birisidir. Iyi mi hissedersek hissedelim, her türlü modumuza eşlik etmeyi başaran şarkıları kimi süre bilgisayarımızdan, kim süre da akıllı telefonlarımızdan istediğimiz yerde, istediğimiz süre dinleyebiliyoruz.
Müziğe ulaşmak daima bu kadar kolay olmadı doğal. Eskiden insanoğlu evlerde bulunan radyoda ne çalıyorsa, kim konuşuyorsa onu dinlemek zorundaydı. 1970’li yılların sonunda çıkan Walkman ve onu takip eden birçok yenilik yardımıyla müziği artık cebimizde rahatça taşıyabilir hale geldik. Müziğin Walkman’den akıllı telefona, hatta iTunes ve Spotify’a yetişmesi için uzun bir süre gerekliydi doğal. Bluetooth kulaklıklar yardımıyla bununla birlikte giyilebiir hale gelen taşınabilir müziğin 42 senelik serüvenini anlattık.
İlk Walkman: Sony TPS-L2, 1979
Taşınabilir müzik ilk olarak Sony’nin Walkman’i ile ortaya çıkmadı elbet. O zamana kadar insanoğlu yanlarında oldukca ufak olmasalar da radyoları taşıyabililiyor, müziği istedikleri yere götürebiliyordu. Bu konudaki tek tamamlanmamış parça, insanların dilediği müziği dinleyemiyor oluşuydu. Doğrusu radyoda ne çalarsa siz de onu dinlemek zorundaydınız.
Sony’nin TPS-L2 isminde çıkardığı ilk Walkman, bu tamamlanmamış parçayı tamamlayarak insanların istediği müziği dinleyebilmelerine olanak sağlamış oldu. Artık sevdiğiniz sanatçıların kasetlerini Walkman’e takıp kulaklıklarla istediğiniz her şeyi yapabiliyordunuz. Walkman bir devrim olarak nitelendiriliyordu zira bu zamanda ABD’de meydana getirilen bir araştırma, Walkman’i olan insanların uzun yürüyüşler yapmaktan daha oldukca hoşlandığını ortaya koymuştu.
Kasetin yerini CD’ler alıyor: The Sony Discman D-50, 1984
Walkman ve öteki kaset çalarlar yardımıyla müzik sektöründeki hepimiz kasetlere yoğunlaşmıştı, sadece CD çalarların buluş edilmesiyle beraber tüm müzisyenler yavaş yavaş CD formatında da da albümler yayınlamaya başlıyordu. CD’nin gelecekteki potansiyelini fark eden Sony, tıpkı Walkman benzer biçimde çığır açacak Discman için çalışmalara başladı.
1984 senesinde ortaya çıkan The Sony Discman D-50, (bazı yerlerde D-5 olarak da anılıyordu) piyasaya sürüldüğü andan itibaren oldukca büyük bir tesir yaratmaya başladı. O şekilde ki Discman’in popülerleşmesiyle beraber tüm müzisyenler kaset çıkarmaktan vazgeçip albümlerini CD formatında yayınlamaya başlamıştı. 1990 yılının başlarında CD satışları, kaset satışlarını çoktan geçmişti bile.
MP3 formatı yaşamımıza giriyor: MPMan F10, 1997
MP3 formatı yaşamımıza ilk kez 1994 senesinde bilgisayarlar vesilesiyle girmişti sadece kısa bir süre sonrasında Cenup Kore merkezli bir şirket olan SaeHan Information Systems, tarihin ilk MP3 destekli müzik çaları MPMan’i piyasaya sürdü.
ABD’da popülerleşmesi birkaç yılı alan MPMan yardımıyla müzik endüstrisi bir kez daha değişikliğe gitti ve gösterilen şarkılarda MP3 formatına yer verilmeye başlandı. Bu müzik çalar yardımıyla müzik sektöründe fizyolojik gösterim ihtiyacı yavaş yavaş ortadan kalkmaya başladı.
Tarihin ilk MP3 destekli telefonu: Samsung UpRoar SPH-M100, 2000
Samsung’un 2000 senesinde ilk MP3 müzik destekli telefonunu piyasaya sürmesi, yalnız müzik sektöründe değil bununla birlikte telefon sektöründe de devrim yaratmayı başarmıştı. UpRoar model telefon yardımıyla kullanıcılar artık, müziği istediği yere götürebildiği benzer biçimde aynı aygıt üstünden insanlarla iietişim de kurabiliyordu.
Bir tek 119 gram ağırlığında olduğundan öteki telefonlara gore daha rahat taşınabilen Samsung UpRoar, Time gazetesinde 1993-2010 yılları aralığında dünyanın en iyi ve en etkisi altına alan cihazları içinde yer aldı.
Müzikte “i” devri başlıyor: iPod, 2001
MP3 devriminde oyunun kuralları değiştiren isim Apple oldu. Aslen iPod’lar herhangi bir MP3 çalardan pek de değişik değildi, sadece içine tam 1000 tane şarkı sığdırabilmek ve iPod ile eş zamanlı çıkan iTunes yardımıyla dakikalar içinde istediğin müzikleri ekleyip yeni şarkı listeleri oluşturabilmek, piyasada büyük ses getirdi. Ek olarak Apple, ilerleyen dönemlerde MP4 desteki iPod’ları da satışa sunmaya başladı.
Apple, iPod’un öteki versiyonları iPod Nano, iPod Shuffle ve iPod Touch ile beraber 400 milyona yakın satış rekoru elde etti. Markanın çıkardığı iPhone model akıllı telefonların aynı müzik çalar işlevi görmesiyle beraber iPod satışları yavaş yavaş düşmeye başladı.
iPod’un ilk rakibi: Microsoft Zune, 2006
Microsoft, müzik çalar piyasasında birazcık geç kalmış olsa da iPod’un ilk rakibi Microsoft Zune’u 2006 senesinde piyasaya sürdü. Bu müzik çalara haiz kullanıcılar, bununla birlikte iTunes benzeri abonelik gerektiren müzik kitaplığı Zune Pass’a da haiz olabiliyordu.
2006’dan 2012’ye kadar toplamda 4 değişik nesli piyasaya sürülen Zune , akıllı telefon dünyasının gelişmesiyle beraber tesirini yitirdi. Zune’un son olarak görüldüğü yerlerden biri, Galaksinin Koruyucuları Vol:2 adlı film oldu.
Taşınabilir müzik artık her yerde: Akıllı telefonlar, Bluetooth kulaklıklar, Spotify ve daha fazlası
Teknoloji ilerlemeye başladıkça taşınabilir müzik artık taşınabilir olmaktan çıkıp giyilebilir müzik haline geldi. Akıllı telefonların yaygınlaşmasıyla beraber artık YouTube, iTunes ve Spotify üstünden rahatça istediğimiz anda istediğimiz müziğe yetişme şansına eriştik. Tüm bu müzik servislerinin içinde en başarıya ulaşmış olarak görülen Spotify’ın ise her cihaza uyumlu olması yardımıyla müzik sektöründeki son olarak devrimlerden birini yarattığını söyleyebiliriz.
Teknolojik gelişme diyince Bluetooth kulaklıkları yabana atmak olmaz elbet. İlk Bluetooth kulaklık, 2004 senesinde piyasaya sürülerek kablosuz kulaklık devrimini başlattı. Peşinden Apple, Samsung ve Beats benzer biçimde teknoloji devleri Bluetooth destekli kulaklıklarını piyasaya sürerek, kullanıcıları kablo derdinden kurtarmış oldu.
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