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"Christina'nın Dünyası" Eserinin Üzücü Hikâyesi - HAKANSEYHAN
1948 senesinde ortaya çıkan ve gerçek hikâyesinde hem üzüntü hem de motivasyon barındıran ‘Christina’nın Dünyası’ tablosuna yakından bakıyoruz.
Güncel hızla gelişen teknolojinin yardımıyla dijital sanattan ilerleyen ve geleneksel yolları tercih ederek kâğıt ve kalemle bağını koparmayan sanatçıları bazen sizlerle buluşturuyoruz. Bunun yanında birbirinden değişik mekânlarda görebileceğiniz, oldukça popüler eserlerin detaylarını ve arkalarındaki hikâyeleri de sizlere anlatıyoruz.
Daha ilkin tişörtlerden duvar kağıtlarına kadar her yerde görebileceğiniz Kanagawa Dalgası eserini detaylarıyla ve tarihiyle beraber anlatmıştık. Şimdiyse birazcık daha batı yönüne gidiyor ve ABD’dan bir eseri, Christina’nın Dünyası’nı (Christina’s World) inceliyoruz.
Nasıl ortaya çıktı bu yapıt?
Söz mevzusu tablo, Amerikalı sanatçı Andrew Wyeth tarafınca 1948 senesinde ortaya çıktı. Sanatçının, söz mevzusu eseri ABD’nın Maine eyaletinde bulunan Cushing nahiyesinde yapmış olduğu biliniyor. Aslına bakarsanız kendisi, eserin esin verici noktalarını da bu bölgede elde etti.
Tabloda gördüğünüz evler ve yerde duran kadın tasarı bir sahneyle oluşturulmadı. Burası hakkaten de mevcud bir yer. Ek olarak odak noktasında duran kadın da Wyeth’in tanımış olduğu biri. Dahası, esere esin olan şahıs de ta kendisi.
Cushing’e gittiği sırada Wyeth’in eşi, onu çocukluk arkadaşı Anna Christina Olson ile tanıştırdı:
Kardeşi Alvaro Olson ile çiftlik evinde yaşayan Christina, Wyeth ailesiyle oldukça yakındı . Öyleki ki Wyeth’in sanatı üstünde çalmış olduğu zamanlarda, onların evinde bir odayı kullandığı bile düşünülüyor. Ne olursa olsun, Olson kardeşler ve Wyeth ailesinin içinde sıcak bir bağ olduğu kati.
Peki ne oldu da iş bu tablonun ortaya çıkmasına vardı?
Alvaro (Christina’nın erkek kardeşi) ve Andrew Christina’nın Dünyası tablosuna ilk bakmış olduğunuzda arka planı hakkında nasıl bir çıkarım yaptınız? Şahsen ben evine gidemeyen genç bir kız canlandırdım gözümde. Fakat benim aklımda bu kızın eve gitmesini engellemiş olan şey evin uzaklığı ya da kızın yorgunluğu değildi. Daha fazlaca o dönemlerde kırsal kesimde hoş karşılanmayacak olan fakat kendi dünyasında ona düzgüsel görünen bir şey yaptığını ve bu sebeple evde istenmediğini düşünmüştüm.
Fakat işler {hiç de} öyleki değilmiş:
Tabloda, Christina’nın bedenine baktığımızda belinin alt kısmından itibaren cansız bir görüntü bizleri karşılıyor. Belinden itibaren yukarıda kalan kısım ise zayıf olmasına karşın oldukça etken görünüyor. Bu da alt taraftaki cansızlığı daha fazlaca göze batırıyor desek yanlış olmaz.
Başta Christina’nın çocuk felci geçirdiği ve bu sebeple de belinden itibaren alt kısmı kullanamadığı düşünülüyordu. Fakat hemen sonra bunun charcot-marie-tooth ismiyle malum ve sinirleri etkileyerek kasları zayıf kılan başka bir hastalıktan kaynaklandığı düşüncesi ortaya atıldı. İki durum da yaşlılıkla daha da kötüleşiyor.
Engelli sandalyesi kullanmak istemeyen Christina, evinin çevresinde bu hâlde dolaşıyordu:
Bazı düşüncelere nazaran de Wyeth, bigün camdan bakıp Christina’yı bahçede bu şekilde ilerlerken görüp bu tabloyu hayata geçirmeye başlamıştı . Netice olarak tablodaki Christina’nın durumunun oldukça üzücü bulunduğunu söyleyebiliyoruz.
Fakat bu durum Christina için bu şekilde değildi:
Wyeth, tablosunda Christina’nın hâline acımıyordu. Aksine, çevredeki her insanın ‘umutsuz’ olarak nitelendirdiği kadere cesurca tutunmasını takdir ediyordu . Fakat bunun, eserin depresif havasını kapatmadığı da ortada.
Öteki detaylara da göz atalım:
Arkada çiftlik evini ve öteki yapıları görüyoruz. Fakat ortamda herhangi bir ağaç yada yerdeki çimlerden başka nebat görünmüyor. Yalnız üst taraftaki evlerin birinde, uzakta da olsa azca sayıda kuş dikkat çekiyor. Yan taraftan eve doğru giden motorlu vasıta izleri de boşuna koyulmamış. Onlar da Christina’nın içinde bulunmuş olduğu zor durumu daha da gözümüze sokuyor.
Bunun haricinde çimlerin detaylı işlenişi, Christina’nın saçında yer edinen detaylar ve uzaktaki evlerin bile oldukça detaylı olması bu tablonun gerçekliğine büyük katkı elde eden etkenlerden.
Yaratı hakkında öteki garip bilgiler: Tabloya baktığımızda genç bir kız görüyoruz fakat Christina, bu tablo ortaya çıktığında 55 yaşındaydı . Ek olarak öyleki bir poz, yaşlı birini rahatsız edeceğinden Wyeth’in eşi Betsy James modellik yapmıştı. Yalnız eller, kollar ve elbise Christina’nın. Wyeth’in babası Newell Wyeth de oldukça popüler bir sanatçıydı. Sanat toplumunda dönen düşüncelere nazaran Wyeth’i depresif renk tonları kullanımına iten şey, babasının ölümü oldu. Wyeth, 2009 senesinde hayata gözlerini yumdu. Christina, Wyeth’in değişik eserlerine de esin kaynağı oldu. İLGİLİ HABER
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Kaynaklar : MoMA, Farnsworth Art Museum, Jason Drake, Art in Context, Ulusal Sağlık Sistemi
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