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Coğrafi Bölgelerimizin Ayrımını Yabancılar mı Yapmıştı? - HAKANSEYHAN
Her mevzuda olduğu şeklinde, Türkiye’nin coğrafi bölgelere ayrılma mevzusunda da komplo teorisyenleri tüm uzmanlıklarıyla görevlerinin başındalar. Sahi, ülkemizin coğrafi bölgeleri ne süre ve nasıl belirlenmişti?
Bilhassa bazı toplumsal medya kullanıcıları, Türkiye’nin 7 coğrafi bölgeye “yabancı bir kurul” tarafınca bölündüğüne ve bu bölge sınırlarının ileride kurulacak “sözde” federe devlet ya da eyalet yönetimlerinin sınırları olacağı, hatta bu sınırların sözde Sevr Antlaşması’nın sınırlarına oldukca benzediğini bile ifade etmektedir.
Ikimiz de bugün sizlerle birlikte hem ülkemizin coğrafi bölge sınırlarının nasıl belirlendiğine hem de bu komplo teorilerinin neden dayanıksız olduğuna değineceğiz.
Ülkemizin coğrafi bölgelerinin sınırları, 1941 senesinde meydana gelen “ulusal” bir kurultay sonucunda belirlendi
Cumhuriyet’in ilanının peşinden ülkemizdeki ilk coğrafi bölge ayrımı, 1926 senesinde öğrencilerin ders kitaplarında coğrafya mevzusunda destek olması amacıyla Mehmet Besim Darkot ve Cemalettin Arif tarafınca hazırlanmıştı.
Darkot ve Arif’in bu emek harcaması her ne kadar çeşitli dinamikler ile birlikte hazırlanmış olsa da daha detaylı ve daha bilimsel bir çalışmaya gerekseme vardı. Gene de 1941 yılına kadar doğrusu ortalama 15 yıl süresince bu emek harcamadan istifade edildi.
Pek oldukca şahıs tarafınca “efsaneleşmiş” olarak anılan devrin Ulusal Eğitim Bakanı Hasan Âli Yücel, bu mevzuya da el attı
Yedi buçuk yıl vazife almış olduğu Ulusal Eğitim Bakanlığı süresince “100 senelik iş sığdırdı ” diyerek anılan, Köy Enstitüleri’nin kurucusu, dünya klasiklerinin Türkçe çevirisinde büyük hisse sahibi, Ankara Üniversitesinin düşünce babası ve bununla beraber Can Yücel’in de babası olan Hasan Âli Yücel, 1941 senesinde coğrafi bölgeler mevzusunda da bir çözüm üretmek adına kolları sıvadı.
Yücel’in başkanlığını yapmış olduğu, 2’si yabancı olmak suretiyle toplam 20 uzmanın davet edilmiş olduğu Birinci Türk Coğrafya Kongresi , 1941 senesinde 6-21 Haziran tarihleri içinde gerçekleştirildi. Kongreye iki yabancı uzman çağrı edilmişse de iki yabancıdan birinin mazeret bildirmesi üstüne kurultay 1’i yabancı olmak suretiyle toplam 19 şahıs olarak toplanmıştır.
Kurultay neticesinde bilimsel kriterler ışığında 7 ana coğrafi bölge ve 21 coğrafi bölgede karar kılındı
Türkiye’nin coğrafi bölgelere ayrılması için toplanan kurultay; doğal, beşeri, iklim, coğrafi konum, nüfus, yerleşim, ekonomik faktörler, yeryüzü şekilleri, nebat örtüsü, ziraat, hayvancılık, endüstri, madencilik, tecim, gezim şeklinde daha pek oldukca bilimsel ve somut faktörleri göz önünde bulundurarak 7 ana coğrafi bölge ve 21 coğrafi bölgenin sınırlarını belirledi.
O gün kongrede açıklanan Karadeniz, Marmara, Ege, Akdeniz bölgelerinin (mıntıka) adları komşu oldukları denizlerin isimlerini alırken; İç Anadolu, Doğu Anadolu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu (güney doğu) bölgelerinin adları ise konumlarıyla isimlendirildi.
Hava durumu dinlerken ya da gündelik hayatta pek kullanmasak da 7 ana bölge haricinde 21 bölgemiz var
Birinci Türk Coğrafya Kongresi’nin vardığı netice, her ne kadar aşağı yukarı 1926 senesinde Darkot ve Arif’in hazırladığı haritaya benzese de netice artık bilimsel bir halde ele alınmıştı. Ek olarak ana coğrafi bölgeler içindeki kriter farklılıklarından dolayı de 21 tane bölge daha çizilmişti. Bu bölgeleri yukarıdaki haritada detaylı olarak görebilirsiniz.
Olur da bigün data yarışmalarına katılacak olursanız eğer…
Ara sıra günümüzdeki data yarışmalarında coğrafi bölgeler ile ilgili sorular gelebilmektedir. Hangi ilin hangi bölgede bulunduğunu bilmek haricinde; alan olarak en büyük bölgemizin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi (%21), en ufak bölgemizin Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi (%7,5) ve en kalabalık bölgemizin ise Marmara Bölgesi bulunduğunu da bilmenizi önemle belirtmek isteriz.
Peki ya sizler coğrafi bölgelerimiz hakkında neler düşünüyorsunuz?
Kaynaklar: 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 /
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