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Çölün Küçük Canavarı: Türkistan Kum Kedisi - HAKANSEYHAN
Çölün ekstrem sıcak ve soğuklarında yaşamını sürdüren canlıların muhtemelen en tatlısı olarak bileceğiniz Türkistan kum kedisine yakından bakıyoruz.
Alışılagelmiş çöl imajında insanoğlu bir tek kilometrelerce uzanan kum bir zemin düşünür. Kum fırtınaları ve kumdan tepelerle insanı karşı karşıya bırakan bu ortamın aslına bakarsak oldukça sayıda canlıya ev sahipliği yaptığını ise pek oldukça kişinin göz ardı ettiğini görürüz. Bu bağlamda sonu görünmeyen bu mekânlara gittiğinizde yalnız olmayacağınızı bilmenizde yarar var.
Akrep, yılan, tilki benzer biçimde belgesellerden alışık olduğumuz canlıları kenara koyalım. Şimdi onlardan oldukça daha tatlı olan fakat tehlikeli olma mevzusunda bir adım bile gerilerinde kalmayan Türkistan kum kedisine göz atacağız. Söz mevzusu türün, bildiğimiz kedilerden değişik olan birçok özelliği bulunuyor.
Arap kum kedisi benzer biçimde değişik isimlerle de malum bu kedicik, sert şartlara karşı dayanıklı:
Sahra Çölü , Arap Yarımadası ve Orta Asya çevrelerinde yaşayan bu tür, söz mevzusu mekânların ekstrem soğuk ve sıcaklarına karşı oldukça dayanıklı. Sabah saatlerinde Güneş, çölü kavururken kumları da hâliyle dayanılmaz derecede ısıtıyor.
Ben Williams
Kum kedisinin patilerinin altında yer edinen tüyler ise patinin direkt sıcak kumla temas etmesini önleyerek rahat hareket etmesini sağlıyor. Bu tüyler, bununla birlikte arkasında iz bırakmasının da önüne geçerek takip edilmesini zorlaştırıyor.
Akşam saatlerinde gelen dondurucu soğuk da onları alt edemiyor:
Nick Watmough
Bu durumda da haiz oldukları kalınca kürk yardımıyla sıcak kalabiliyorlar. Bilhassa de ava akşam çıktıkları için bu oldukça eleştiri bir özellik.
Sabah saatlerinde genel anlamda Güneş’in batmasını beklerler. Akşam olduğunda ise ava çıkarlar:
Çöl, orman benzer biçimde adım attığınız her yerden karşınıza canlı çıkarabilecek potansiyelde bir mekân değil. Bu sebeple ara sıra bir tek av bulabilmek için kilometrelerce dolaşmaları gerekebiliyor. Aynı durum çiftleşme dönemlerinde eş bulmak istediklerinde de geçerli oluyor.
Bu benzer biçimde durumlarda kafalarına bakılırsa oldukça büyük görünen kulakları desteğe koşuyor:
Kum kedisinin en büyük artısının bu kulaklar bulunduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Çöl için oldukça işlevsel olan söz mevzusu kulaklar, en küçük bir hareketi bile uzaklardan sezebiliyor. Bu bağlamda bir böcek de olsa kemirgen de olsa avlarının ne tarafta bulunduğunu anlayabiliyorlar. Mevzu tehditlere vardığında ise bu kulaklar, aynı işlevle koruyucu rol oynamış oluyorlar.
Bazı avlarında, kendisinde olduğu benzer biçimde gelişmiş duyma yetileri bulunsa da kum kedisinin yere yakın hareket etmesi, avını kovalamaktansa onu en beklemediği anda yakalaması ve inanılmaz derecede sabırlı hareket etmesi, kendisini avından üstün kılıyor.
Alıştığımız kedilerden daha ufak olan bu tür, zehirli yılan bile avlıyor: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QX49BR0khzM
Kum kedilerinin avları içinde ufak kemirgenler, böcekler, örümcekler ve yılanlar bulunuyor.
Ev kedisine benzeyen kum kedisi, çöl ortamında susuz kalmıyor mu?
Kalıyor elbet. Fakat alıştığımız ev kedilerinin aksine bu türün günlerce, hatta haftalarca susuz kalabildiği biliniyor. İhtiyacı olan nemi ise avlarından elde ediyor.
Üreme dönemleri, saydığımız bölgelerin hangisinde olduklarına bakılırsa değişiyor:
Bu sürelerde eş bulmak için köpek havlamasına benzeyen fakat tam da öyleki tanımlanamayan sesler çıkardıkları gözlemlendi. 60 ile 67 gün içinde bir gebelik süresi bulunan bu tür, genel anlamda üç yavru doğuruyor. Ortaya çıkan yavruların yetişkinliğe erişmesi ise bir tek 6 ay sürüyor. Hemen sonra ise bağımsız oluyorlar.
Düşüncelerinizi yorum kısmında paylaşabilirsiniz.
Kaynaklar : Smithsonian’s National Zoo, Animalogic, Utah’s Hogle Zoo
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