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Dünyanın en büyük uzay teleskobu: James Webb… Uzayda neler araştıracak? - HAKANSEYHAN
Dünyanın en büyük uzay teleskobu James Webb evrenin tarihini inceleyecek… Fırlatılması daha ilkin çeşitli nedenlerle birçok kez ertelenen James Webb, bugün canlı yayında Cenup ABD’nın kuzeydoğu kıyısındaki Fransız Guyanası’ndaki platformdan uzaya gönderildi. Peki, James Webb’in uzaydaki görevleri neler olacak? Neleri araştıracak? James Webb adı nereden geliyor? Yakından bakalım…
JAMES WEBB HAKKINDABugün uzaya gönderilen James Webb’in Dünya’dan ortalama 1,6 milyon kilometre mesafedeki yörüngeye ortalama 1 ay sonrasında yerleşmesi beklenirken 2022’de ilk veri ve görüntüleri toplamaya başlamış olacağı kaydedildi. NASA, teleskobun 6,5 metre uzayabilen aynası yardımıyla oldukca fazla ışık toplayabileceği ve daha çok ayrıntının gözlemleneceğini açıkladı. Kızılötesi tekniğe haiz olan ve 10 milyar dolar harcanan son teknoloji ürünü Webb, ileri optik donanımları yardımıyla güneş sisteminden görüntülenebilir en uzak galaksilere kadar evrenin tarihinin tüm aşamalarını inceleyebilecek.
NASA’nın Avrupa ve Kanada uzay ajanslarıyla ortak çalışmasının ürünü olan Webb, şimdiye kadar yapılmış en büyük ve kuvvetli bilim gözlemevi Hubble Uzay Teleskobu’nun halefi olarak görülüyor.
JAMES WEBB KİMDİR?Peki, James Webb kimdir? Uzay tabanlı gözlemevi, adını NASA’nın ikinci yöneticisi olan James E. Webb’den (1906- 1992) alıyor. James Edwin Webb, 1958 Ulusal Havacılık ve Uzay Yasası uyarınca 1 Ekim 1958’de resmen kurulan Ulusal Havacılık ve Uzay Dairesi’nin ikinci yöneticisiydi. Webb, ilk insanları Ay’a indiren bir takım ay bulgu programı olan Apollo’ya öncülük etmesiyle tanınır. Bununla beraber, vazife süresi süresince ABD’nın ilk gezegenler arası kaşifleri de dahil olmak suretiyle 75’ten fazla fırlatmadan görevli olan kuvvetli bir uzay bilimi programı başlattı.
Webb, Hubble Uzay Teleskobu’ndan nasıl daha iyi olacak?Webb, erende oluşan en eski yıldızları ve galaksileri görmek için uzayın derinliklerine bakmak ve yıldızların ve gezegenlerin oluşumunu incelemek için yakındaki toz bulutlarının derinliklerine bakmak suretiyle tasarlandı. Bunu yapabilmek için Webb, Hubble’dan oldukca daha büyük bir birincil aynaya (çap olarak 2,7 kat daha büyük yada alan olarak ortalama 6 kat daha büyük) haiz olacak ve ona daha çok ışık toplama gücü verecek. Ek olarak, Hubble’dan daha uzun dalga boyu kapsama alanına ve büyük seviyede geliştirilmiş hassasiyete haiz kızılötesi araçlara haiz olacak. Webb, Dünya’dan oldukca daha uzakta çalışacak.
WEBB’İN GÖREVLERİ NE OLACAK? Peki, Webb’in bilim hedefleri ne? NASA 4 bilimsel misyonu şu şekilde açıklıyor:
Big Bang’den sonrasında oluşan ilk galaksileri yada parlak nesneleri arayın. Galaksilerin oluşumlarından günümüze nasıl evrimleştiğini belirleyin. İlk aşamalardan gezegen sistemlerinin oluşumuna kadar yıldızların oluşumunu gözlemleyin. Gezegen sistemlerinin fizyolojik ve kimyasal özelliklerini ölçün ve bu sistemlerdeki yaşam potansiyelini araştırın. Webb karanlık madde araştırmalarına katkıda bulunacak mı?
Webb, galaksilerin hacminin ve galaksi kümelerinin büyük bir bölümünü oluşturan görünmeyen madde olan “karanlık maddeyi” direkt göremez, sadece Webb etkilerini ölçebilir. Webb ek olarak galaksilerdeki karanlık maddenin miktarı ve doğası hakkında informasyon sağlayabilir.
Dünyanın en büyük uzay teleskobu: James Webb… Uzayda neler araştıracak? yazısı öncelikle HAKANSEYHAN üstünde ortaya çıktı.
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