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Ebeveyne Benzeyen Partnerlerden Hoşlanmanın Bilimsel Sebebi - HAKANSEYHAN
Bireylerin, ebeveynlerine benzeyen insanlara duygusal duygular besledikleri yönündeki iddianın kökeni Sigmund Freud’un Oidipus kompleksi teorisine dayanıyor. Freud’un teorisine gore erkek evlatları annelerini cinsel olarak arzuluyor ve kendi cinsinden olan babasına karşı kıskançlık, hiddet benzer biçimde duygular besliyor. Aslen bu durum erkek çocuğun annesine haiz olabilmek için babasıyla girmiş olduğu bir rekabet benzer biçimde.
Benzer bir kuram ise Carl Gustav Jung tarafınca ortaya atılan Elektra kompleksidir. Jung’a gore minik kız evlatları babalarına ilgi duyuyordu. Sadece bu iki teorinin günümüzdeki geçerliliğini sorgulamakta yarar bulunduğunu söylemek mümkün.
İnsanların, ebeveynlerine benzeyen partnerlere çekilmiş olduğu yönünde bir genelleme yapmanın hakkaten olanaklı olup olmadığını meydana getirilen değişik emek harcamalar üstünden ele alacağız. Şundan dolayı bu şekilde bir durumun olması dahilinde bu meseleye neden olan başka faktörlerin de olabileceğini göz ardı edemeyiz. Hadi gelin, beraber bu mevzuyu tartışalım.
Ebeveyne benzeyen partnerlere ilgi duymanın ardında biyolojik ve ruhsal faktörler olabilir.
St. Andrews Üniversitesinde yapılmış bir araştırmaya gore; erkeklerin, eş seçiminde çoğu zaman annelerine benzeyen partnerlere ilgi duyduğu tespit edilmiş. Gene aynı araştırma; kadınların, yüzleri babaları benzer biçimde olan erkekleri beğendiğini söylüyor.
Araştırmacılar, katılımcılara bir saniyeliğine erkek ve kadın fotoğrafları gösteriyor ve katılımcılara söylemeden, iştirakçilerin karşı cinse benzetilmiş photosop’lu bir fotoğrafını da gösterilen fotoğraflar arasına ekliyor. Şu demek oluyor ki kadın iştirakçilerin erkek, erkek iştirakçilerin da kadın halleri. Bunun üstüne katılımcılar, kendilerinin değiştirilmiş fotoğraflarını çekici buluyor ve araştırmacılar bu durumun nedenini iştirakçilerin anne yada babalarını hatırladıkları için bulunduğunu söylüyor. Fakat araştırmacılar bu durumun nedenini, iştirakçilerin bebeklik hallerindeki davranış özelliklerini göstererek kendi hallerini, ebeveynlerinin fizyolojik ve davranışsal görüntüsüne benzetmesi olarak açıklıyor.
İnsanların, ebeveynlerine benzeyen eşleri tercih etmelerinde cinsel damgalama kuramı ve kişinin, partnerin fizyolojik özelliklerini kendine benzetmesi etkili olabiliyor.
Genetik mirasın yüzde 50’si anne, yüzde 50’si babadan geçmiş olduğu göz önüne alındığında, göz ve saç rengi benzer biçimde çeşitli özelliklerin kişilere ebeveynlerinden miras kaldığını söyleyebiliriz. Araştırmacılar insanların aşina oldukları bir şeyden daha çok hoşlanabileceğini ifade ederek iştirakçilerin fotoğraf seçimlerini ‘maruz kalma tesiri’ ile açıkladılar. Sözgelişi bir kişinin kendi yüzüne benzeyen biri, kişiye daha sempatik görünebilir fakat doğal ki bu şahıs kesinlikle ebeveynlerden birisi olacak diye bir kural olmadığını da bilmelisiniz.
Psikolog John Gottman ise eş seçiminde hormonal özelliklerin yanında cinsel damgalama kuramını baz alarak değişik etkenlerden de bahsediyor. Bu teoriye gore bir fert 18 aylık olduğu dönemde yoğun bir sevgi ihtiyacı içerisindedir ve kendi ebeveynine benzeyen değişik bir kişiye ilgi duymaya daha o yaşlarda ruhsal olarak koşullanabilir. Şu demek oluyor ki erken yaşlarındaki bir fert, ebeveynlerden birisinden sevgiyi, güvenlik ve yakınlık hissini nasıl alırsa (yada bunlardan nasıl yoksun kalırsa) ileriki yaşlarında partner seçiminde de buna gore bir koşullanışa geçebilmekte.
Ebeveyne benzeyen eş seçiminde toplumsal faktörlerin tesirini de unutmamak gerek. Araştırmalara gore bir tek fizyolojik ve davranışsal özellikler değil, partnerin eğitim düzeyi, dünya görüşü, toplumsal çevresi, değerleri, inançları ve yaşam seçimi ebeveynlerden birine benzetiliyorsa bu durum da partner seçiminde etkili olabiliyor.
Buna bir örnek olarak Johnny Depp’in kızı Lily-Rose Depp verilebilir.
Lily-Rose Depp, Johnny Depp’e benzerliğiyle malum Timothée Chalamet ile birlikteydi. Üstelik Chalamet’in, yeni filmimizde Johnny Depp’in daha evvel canlandırdığı bir karakteri tekrardan canlandıracağı biliniyor. Velhasıl yukarıda bahsedilmiş olduğu benzer biçimde partner seçiminde ebeveynin toplumsal statüsüne benzeyen partnerlere ilgi duymak da mümkün olabiliyor.
Kaynaklar: 1, 2
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