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Freud'un Divanının Üstünde Bir Türk Halısı Olmasının Sırrı - HAKANSEYHAN
Terapi denince bugün birçok kişinin aklına gelen divan, aslına bakarsak Freud’dan psikoterapiye miras kaldı diyebiliriz. Bu divanın üstünde ise iddialara bakılırsa bir Türk halısı seriliydi. İşin garip yanı Freud’un Londra’daki evi müzeye çevrildi ve o halı hala serili. Peki fakat neden?
Günümüzde psikoterapi tatbik eden psikiyatrist ve psikologların odasında pek rastlamasak da Freud ile dönemindeki meslektaşları odalarında bir divan bulundurur ve hastalarını divana yatırıp sorunlarını o şekilde dinlerlerdi. O dönemde hastanın bu pozisyonda kendini rahat bir halde açabildiği düşünülürken terapistin de yansız davranabildiğine inanılıyordu.
Bu anane, psikanalizin bir terapi çeşidi olarak gittikçe daha azca kullanılmasıyla birlikte artık kullanılmaz hale geldi. Ruh çözümü; Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi, Şema Terapisi, Kabul ve Kararlılık Terapisi, EMDR benzer biçimde terapi türlerinden yalnızca biri ve en eskisi diyebiliriz. Uzun seneler sürmesi, pahalı olması benzer biçimde nedenlerden dolayı terapistler ve danışanlar tarafınca artık pek tercih edilmiyor. Fakat Freud bir terapi çeşidi olarak bunu geliştirip kullandı.
Sigmund Freud’un nörolojiden psikiyatriye uzanan garip hikayesi:
Nüfus kaydında geçen adıyla Sigismund Scholomo Freud; Avusturya-Macaristan doğumlu, Yahudi kökenli nörologtur. Tıp eğitimini tamamladıktan sonrasında bir süre beyin anatomisi ve nöropatolojisi üstünde çalıştı. Sonrasında kokain üstünde araştırmalarda bulunmak için psikiyatri kliniğinde çalışmaya başladı.
1885 yılına geldiğimizde ise almış olduğu burs yardımıyla Paris’e gitti. Salpêtriê Hastanesi’nde, Jean Martin Charcot’un yanında histerinin emareleri, hipnoz ve telkinin etkilerini inceledi. İki yıl burada kaldıktan sonrasında Berlin’e gitti ve hususi hekimlik halletmeye başladı. Ayrıca dört senelik nişanlısı Martha Bernays ile evliliğe ilk adımını attı. Bundan sonrasında ise psikanalizi geliştirmeye başladı. Psikoanalitik terapiyi uyguladığı hastalarını kabul etmiş olduğu odasında büyükçe bir divanı bulunurdu. Bu divanın üstünde de bir Türk halısı bulunurdu.
İzmir’deki bir Türk halısı, terapide kullanılmak için Freud’a doğru seyahat yapıyor.
Halının terapi odasına nasıl ulaştığıyla ilgili iki değişik kuram bulunuyor. Birinci teoriye bakılırsa 1885 senesinde, Freud’un tüccar olan ve halıcı olarak çalışan kuzeni kendisine İzmir’den bir halı armağan etmiştir. Freud da onu beğenip desenlerinin değişik çağrışımlar yapabileceğini düşünerek divanına örtmüştür.
İkinci ve daha detaylı olan teoriye bakılırsa ise Freud’un kız kardeşiyle evlenen Moritz adlı bir tüccar armağan etmiştir . Uzaktan akraba da sayılan Moritz, Selanik’te tüccarlık yaparken İzmir’den gelen bir halıya denk gelir ve bunu Freud’a getirir. O dönemde hususi hekimlik icra eden ve divanı bulunan psikiyatrist bunu fazlaca beğenir ve divanına serer. Ondan sonrasında taşındığı şehirlere, hatta ülkelere de bu halıyı götürmüş olduğu söylenir. Bir tek Türk halısı değil, İran halısının da terapi odasının duvarında asılı olduğu söylenir. Freud’un müze haline getirilen Londra’daki evini buradaki linkten online olarak gezebilirsiniz.
Freud’un Türk halısına ilgi göstermesinin sebebi, o dönemde Türklerde görülen fazlaca eşlilik olabilir.
Psikiyatristin, Türk halısına ilgi göstermesinin nedenini yazarlar Freud’un o dönemde baldızıyla yasak bir beraberlik yaşamasına da yoruyorlar. Bu sebeple armağan edilen Türk halısı tam da bu zamanda Freud’a gelmişti. Türkler, poligamik evlilikleriyle Avrupa’da biliniyordu ve bu halı, kendisine aslına bakarsak cinselliği çağrıştırdığı için de psikiyatrist tarafınca odasında tutulmuş olabilir. Zira aynı dönemde “Ölüm ve Cinsellik” isminde bir de yazı yazmıştı.
Sebebi ne olursa olsun meşhur psikiyatristin bu halıyı odasında tuttuğunu, divanına serdiğini biliyoruz. Bunun hastalar üstündeki tesirini ise Freud’un bir hastasının ağzından dinleyelim: Eskimiş, delik deşik olmuş divana yerleşir yerleşmez içim eridi sanki. Vücudum yumuşak pamuğun içine çöktükçe ruhum da onunla beraber çöktü. Devamlı gözlerim yaşardı. Koltukta otursaydım aynı etkiyi yapmayacaktı, sırtımı dayayınca kendimi fazlaca daha güçlü hissediyorum.
İLGİLİ HABER
Freud Yaşasaydı, Selfie Hakkında Ne Düşünürdü?
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