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Besin israfının faturası 214 milyar TL - HAKANSEYHAN
Küresel bir sorun haline gelen yiyecek israfı her geçen gün artarken meydana getirilen araştırmalara nazaran Türkiye’de her yıl 26 milyon ton besin çöpe gidiyor. Bir tek İstanbul’daki çöpün yüzde 45’i ise besin ürünü… Meydana getirilen besin israfı ise 214 milyar liralık besin yitirilmesine yol açıyor.
Hasret Bay Yılmaz obay@ekonomist.com.tr Dünya genelinde olduğu şeklinde devletimizde de giderek küresel bir problem haline gelen besin israfı, her geçen gün tesirini artırmaya devam ediyor. Meydana getirilen araştırmalara nazaran dünya genelinde her yıl 1,3 milyar ton besin çöpe giderken, gene meydana getirilen araştırmalara nazaran dünyada her gün ortalama 25 bin şahıs de açlığa bağlı olarak yaşamını kaybediyor.
Birleşmiş Milletler Besin ve Ziraat Örgütü (FAO) tarafınca meydana getirilen açıklamalara nazaran; her yıl üretilen tüm gıdaların ortalama üçte biri boşa gidiyor. Üretimi meydana gelen 4 milyar tonluk gıdanın yalnız 2,7 milyar tonu tüketiliyor. Bu israflar organik kaynaklarla beraber ekonomik olarak da ciddi zararlara niçin oluyor. İsraf edilen 1,3 milyar ton gıdaların senelik kıymeti 1 trilyon dolar olarak belirlendi. Üstelik küresel ölçekte israf edilen yiyeceklerin yalnız dörtte birlik oranının kurtarılmasıyla dahi 840 milyon aç insanoğlunun karnının doyurulabileceği tespit edildi.
214 MİLYAR TL’LİK GIDA KAYBI Meydana getirilen araştırmalar kapsamında, Türkiye İsrafı Önleme Vakfı’nın 2018 yılı raporuna nazaran, devletimizde her yıl 26 milyon ton besin çöpe gidiyor. Meydana getirilen besin israfı ise 214 milyar liralık besin yitirilmesine yol açıyor.
Araştırmaların sonucuna nazaran, besin israfının yüzde 42’si evlerde meydana geliyor. Türkiye’de satın alınan gıdanın ortalama yüzde 23’ü tüketilmeden çöpe atılıyor. En oldukça çöpe atılan gıdaların başlangıcında ise ekmek ve unlu mamuller, sebze ve meyveler geliyor. Üretilen meyve sebzenin minimum yüzde 30’u daha sofraya ulaşmadan çöpe gidiyor. Bununla beraber günde 4,9 milyon, yılda ise 2,1 milyar ekmek israf ediliyor. Üretilen her üç ekmekten biri çöpe gidiyor.
YÜZDE 45’İ GIDA ÜRÜNÜ Her yıl milyarlarca lira değerinde besin çöpe atılıyor. Kayıtlara nazaran, Türkiye’den her yıl averaj 33 milyon ton atık toplanıyor. Atıkların 14,5 milyon tonunu ise besin ürünleri oluşturuyor. Bir tek İstanbul’daki çöpün yüzde 45’i besin ürünü…
İsraf edilen besin yalnızca besin maddelerinin çöpe gitmesi demek değildir. Bununla beraber organik kaynakların da kaybı anlamına geliyor. Besin israfı kıt olan tüm kaynaklarımızın yitirilmesine niçin olduğu şeklinde doğamıza ve ekonomimize de ciddi zarar veriyor. FAO’nun son raporuna nazaran tarladan satış noktasına kadar üretilen gıdanın kaybı yüzde 14. Satış ve tüketim zincirinde ise besin israfı 1/3 olarak gerçekleşiyor. Besin yitik ve israfı en fazla yaş meyve ve sebzede görülüyor. Bunu hazır yiyecek ve ekmek takip ediyor.
Ziraat ve Orman Bakanlığı’nın yapmış olduğu araştırmalara nazaran; bir kilo kırmızı et için 15 ton, bir kilo peynir için 5 ton, bir kilo pirinç için 3,5 ton, bir kilo domatesin yetişmesi için ise 184 litre suya gerekseme var.
İSRAFIN ENGELLEYEN PROJE İsrafın önlenmesi, kaynakların daha verimli kullanılması ve atık oluşumunun en aza indirilmesi için atıkları dönüştürüp, tekrardan üretim sürecine kazandıran Seyhan Belediyesi ve Adana İşkadınları Derneği’nin (İŞKAD) beraber, ortalama iki ay ilkin israfı mühim oranda engelleyecek ‘Gıdamı Koruyorum’ projesini hayata geçirdi.
“Çöp sandığınız pek oldukça şeyin içinde yararlı mikroorganizmaları barındığı ve süreç içinde tabiat ananın teşekkürünü kabul ederek geri dönüşümü sağlamalı, böylelikle organik gübrenin bilincini kazandırarak yaygınlaştırılmasını sağlamalıyız” diyen Seyhan Belediye Başkanı Akif Kemal Akay, besin israfının Türkiye’de de büyük bir problem haline geldiğine işaret ediyor. Türkiye’de her yıl averaj 26 milyon ton gıdanın çöpe gittiğinin altını çizen Akay, “Bu israflar organik kaynaklarla beraber ekonomik olarak da ciddi zararlara niçin oluyor. Hedefimiz hem israfı önlemek hem de organik atıkların çöpe gitmesini önleyip, geri dönüşüm vasıtasıyla tekrardan doğaya kazandırmak” diye ekliyor.
ORGANİK ATIKLARI TOPLANACAK Proje kapsamında restoranlardan organik atık desteği sağlanacak. Restoranlarda yiyecek yapımında kullanılan domates, salatalık, biber, marul, maydanoz, nane, dereotu, ıspanak, kabak, patlıcan, patates, enginar, roka, taze fasulye, bakla şeklinde tüm sebze atıkları, turunçgil hariç tüm meyve kabuk ve atıkları, kahve, çay, kuruyemiş kabukları, zeytin çekirdeği ve yumurta kabuklarını toplanıp Kompost Gübre Üretim Tesisleri’nde organik gübreye dönüştürülecek.
YANAN TOPRAKLARA TAZE KAN Kompost gübrenin toprağı organik madde miktarını iyileştirme ve toprağın yapısını havalandırma özelliğine haiz bulunduğunu dile getiren Akay, “Kompostun tarımda kullanımı ile bitkilerin gereksinim duyan bilhassa azotun sağlanması ile beraber toprağın organik madde içinde ne olduğunun zenginleştirilmesi sağlanır, toprağın pH dengesini düzenlenir. Kompost bitkilerin büyümesini hızlandırır ve bitkileri sağlamlaştırır” diye konu alıyor.
Ülkemizin son dönemde karşı karşıya kalmış olduğu ve bizi derinden etkileyen orman yangınları neticesinde yanan ziraat arazilerimiz şu an için organik madde yitirilmesine niçin olarak nebat yetiştiriciliğine uygun değil. Üretilen kompost gübreler, yangının zarar verdiği topraklarla buluşturularak, toprağın ıslah edilmesi ve geri kazanımın sağlanması ve yeniden nebat yetiştirilebilir hale gelmesi hedefleniyor.
DOĞAYA VE EKONOMİYE ZARAR VERİYOR Proje kapsamında besin işletmelerinin mutfak atıkları tertipli olarak toplanarak, Seyhan Belediyesi’nin bundan bir buçuk yıl ilkin başlatmış olduğu kentsel atıkların (park bahçe, pazar atıkları vb.) geri dönüştürülmesiyle elde edilmiş kompost üretim tesislerinde üretilen organik gübreye dönüştürülecek. İŞKAD Başkanı Berman Mantı, mevzuyla ilgili, “Üretilen organik gübre orman yangınlarda ziyan olan ziraat alanlarında nebat üretimine uygun hale getirilmesi için kullanılacak ve organik mutfak atıklarına geri dönüşümle kıymet kazandırılarak Seyhan Belediyesi Kompost gübre üretim tesisinde tekrardan değerlendirilerek mühim oranda israfın da önüne geçilecek” diyor.
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