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Rusya, Uzay Seyahatinde Atacağı İlk Adımları Açıkladı - HAKANSEYHAN
Rusya, bir zamanlar domine etmiş olduğu; sadece 10 yılı aşkın bir süredir öteki ülkelerin peşinde kalmış olduğu uzay sektöründeki eski yerini geri kazanmak için hazırlanıyor. Roscosmos şirketinden bir yetkili, sahnelere geri dönmeyi hedefleyen Rusya’nın atacağı ilk adımları paylaştı.
On senelik uzun bir sessizliğin peşinden Rusya, uzay yarışındaki yerini geri almak için yeniden atağa geçiyor. Uzay turizmi endüstrisi üstünde egemenlik için iddialı bir geri dönüş yapmayı planlayan Rusya; aşırı istekli milyarderler, ABD Birleşik Devletleri ve yarışta giderek daha da adından söz ettiren Çin’e karşı meydan okuyor.
Rusya, 12 senelik aranın peşinden bu ay iki kozmik maceraperest olan Japon milyarder Yusaku Maezawa ve asistanını Internasyonal Uzay İstasyonu’na (ISS) göndererek geri dönüşün sinyallerini ateşlemişti. Bu başarıdan oldukça etkilenen ve cesaret gören Roscosmos şirketinin uzay şefi ve eski Rusya Başbakan Yardımcısı Dmitry Rogozin ise Rusya’nın uzay yarışı üstünlüğünde atacağı ilk adımlardan bahsetti.
“Savaşmaya hazırız”
Rusya’nın uzay hedefleri kapsamında atacağı bir sonraki adımların ISS’de Rusya’da gelen ziyaretçiler için hususi bir modül, istasyonun haricinde meydana gelen uzay yürüyüşleri ve ayın çevresinde geziler bulunduğunu kaydeden Rogozin, gazetecilere verdiği demeçte, “Bu nişi Amerikalılara vermeyeceğiz. Bunun için savaşmaya hazırız” ifadelerini kullandı. Sadece günümüzde, Rusya’nın önünde daha ilkin olmayan, uzay yarışında geri kalmış olduğu şu son on yıl içinde çıkan yeni engeller mevcut.
O zamanlar Rus uzay ajansı Roscosmos, nakit para basan meraklıları uzaya göndermek mevzusunda bir tekele sahipti. Sadece bu, ABD ajansı NASA’nın 2011 senesinde astronotlar için mekiğini emekliye ayırması ve önümüzdeki on yıl için ISS Roscosmos’un sunmuş olduğu her koltuğu kapmasıyla değişti. Geçtiğimiz yıl milyarder Elon Musk’ın uzay şirketi SpaceX ’in ilk başarı göstermiş ISS görevini gerçekleştirmesiyleyse işler iyice kızıştı. Koltuk başına 90 milyon dolar lık zararla bu, Rus uzay ajansı için büyük bir mali darbe oldu. Daha sonrasında da bütçe kesintileriyle karşı karşıya kalan ajans için analistlerin tek umudu ise Roscosmos’un toparlanmak adına uzay turizmine atılması.
Analist Vitaly Yegorov AFP’ye verdiği röportajda, “Rus uzay endüstrisi bu fırlatmalar için tutarlı siparişlere güveniyor.” şeklinde kaydetti. Her bir koltuğun 50-60 milyon dolar olduğu tahmin edilen fiyat etiketi, üç kişilik Soyuz uzay aracının inşa maliyetini karşılayacak benzer biçimde duruyor. Sadece bunun yanında yetkililer, uzay turizminin bir tek parayla ilgili olmadığına dikkat çekiyor. Bunun ulusal prestijle de ilgili bulunduğunun altını çizen Roscosmos’un gezim de dahil olmak suretiyle ticari projelerden görevli bir yan kuruluşu olan Glavkosmos’un başkanı Dmitry Loskutov, “Gençlerin insanlı uzay uçuşuyla ilgilenmesini sağlıyor. Ne de olsa gelecek bu” ifadelerini kullanıyor.
Uzay yarışı giderek kızışıyor
Rusya, Çin ve ABD Birleşik Devletleri şimdilik insanlı uçuş yapabilen tek ülkeler; sadece oyuna dahil olan pek oldukça isimle beraber durum giderek daha da kızışıyor. Hemen hemen ISS’e asla gezgin götürmemiş olsa da Musk’ın şirketi SpaceX, bu yıl içinde Inspiration4 ile tamamen sivillerden oluşan bir mürettebatı Dünya’nın yörüngesine gönderdi. Öte taraftan Jess Bezos’un şirketi Blue Origin ve bir başka milyarder Richard Branson’ın Virgin Galactic ’i de yarışa katılmakta son aşama istekli. Bu iki ismin şirketlerine ilişik uzay araçları da bu yıl ilk seferlerini tamamlamayı başardı.
Sadece Rus Kozmonot Akademisi’nden Andrei Ionin; milyarderlerin kısa, alçak yörünge uçuşlarını ISS’ye günlerce devam eden bir görevle kıyaslanmasının oldukça gereksiz ve saçma bulunduğunu belirterek, bunun Ferrari ve Renault pazarını karşılaştırmaktan ayrımsız bulunduğunu kaydetti. Bu fikre arka çıkan Loskutov ise uzay seyahatlerinin, uzay yolculuğundan daha oldukça ‘eğlence sektörü’ nün bir parçası bulunduğunu söylemiş oldu. Buna ek olarak Loskutov, yaklaşmakta olan bir gezim görevi için Rusya’nın, uzay yürüyüşü de dahil olmak suretiyle teklifleri genişletmek istediğini aktardı. Moskova, ISS’nin önümüzdeki on yıl içinde emekli olmaya hazır olduğu kendi yörünge istasyonu için planlarını açıklarken bu mevzuya dair Rogozin de gemide “ayrı bir gezgin modülü” olabileceğini söylemiş oldu. Rogozin ek olarak 2030’dan sonrasında Roscosmos’un ay çevresinde bir seyahat gerçekleştirmesinin planlandığınndan da bahsetti; sadece bu, 2023 benzer biçimde erken bir tarihte sekiz kişiyi ayın çevresine göndermeyi planlayan SpaceX’in hedeflerinin oldukça peşinde kalıyor.
İLGİLİ HABER
Türksat 5B Uydusu, SpaceX’in Falcon 9 Roketiyle Uzaya Gönderildi Roscosmos’un sektörde karşılaşmış olduğu bir öteki güçlük da talebi değerlendirmek ve karşılamak olacak benzer biçimde gözüküyor. Bunlardan en mühim ikisi, Soyuz uzay aracının oldukça pahalı olması ve bir görevin organize edilmesinin minimum iki yıl benzer biçimde bir süre gerektirmesi benzer biçimde duruyor. Loskutov, Rusya’nın bir sonraki fırlatma için bir roket sipariş ettiğini ve Rogozin’in ajansına Soyuz üretimini çoğaltması emirini verdiğini aktarıyor. Bir öteki taraftan adayların, Dünya’ya döndükten sonrasında sıhhat gereksinimlerini karşılamaya ve aylarca eğitim ve rehabilitasyon dönemine katılmaya istekli olması da son aşama mühim. Bu mevzu hakkında Ionin oldukça fazla adayın olmadığını; sadece esasen oldukça fazla adaya da ihtiyaçlarının olmadığını kaydediyor. Son olarak Ionin, Rusya’nın Sovyet tasarımı ve süre içinde kontrol edilmiş Soyuz yardımıyla önde bulunduğunu belirterek, “Önümüzdeki beş ila 10 yıl süresince Roscosmos’un işine yönelik herhangi bir tehdit yok” ifadelerini kullanıyor.
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