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Hepimizin Aklındaki O Meşhur Sual: İlk İneği Kim Sağdı? - HAKANSEYHAN
Hepimizin aklına illa ki bir ara ‘ilk sütü kim sağdı?’ sorusu gelmiştir. Bu içeriğimizde araştırdığımız kaynaklardan olabildiğince data alıp sizlere anlaşılabilir bir halde sizlere ilk olarak bir süt sağma fikrinin nasıl ortaya çıktığını anlatmaya çalışacağız.
Kimi zaman bazı sorular aklımıza gelir ve asla cevaplarını bulamayız. Mesela arıların ballarını almak için kovanlarına dalmayı ilk kim akıl etti? Yada atların üstlerine binmek şeklinde yürekli bir eylemi ilk kim göze alabildi?
Bu yazımızda bu sorulardan birinin yanıtını arayacağız: İlk ineği kim sağdı? İlk hayvansal sütün içilebilir bulunduğunu kim keşfetti? Hayvanın memesini sıkıp sütü bir kovaya doldurduktan sonrasında yapmış olduğu işlemi geri dönerek halkına nasıl açıkladı? Gelin bu vakası derinlemesine bir araştıralım.
İlk süt ne vakit sağıldı?
Bu vakası anlatmak için ilk olarak birazcık arkeolojiden konuşmamız gerekiyor. İlk süt sağma işlemi muhtemelen çiftçilerin keşfiydi. Bir avcı-toplayıcının, emzirdiği yavrusunu aşırı derecede sakınan büyük bir yaban ineğine yeterince yaklaşabilmesi pek mümkün değildi. Bu sebeple ilk süt sağımı yalnız yerleşik hayata geçtikten sonrasında gerçekleşebileceğinden dolayı bunu keşfedenlerin çiftçiler olduğuna inanılıyor.
Tarihteki ilk sağılmış süt, milattan 8000 yıl kadar ilkin var olmuş çanak çömlek parçaları içindeki süt yağlarının lipid kalıntıları çözümleme edilmesiyle tespit edildi. İlk süt sağılmasının en kuvvetli kanıtları, sığırların bolca olduğu kuzeybatı Anadolu topraklarında bulunmuştur ve bu da önde gelen araştırmacıları ilk sağılan hayvanların muhtemelen sığırlar bulunduğunu düşünmeye itmiştir.
Doğal ki koyunlar da sağılmış olabilir sadece bolca süt tedarikçileri olmaya fizyolojik olarak ineklerden daha azca adapte olmuşlardır. Günümüzde insanoğlu en fazlaca süt endüstrisinde inek sütüne aşina olduklarından, bu yazıda esas olarak sığırlara odaklanacağız . Peki hayvanlarını sağmaya kabul eden ilk insanların aklından neler geçiyordu?
İlk ineği sağanın aklından ne geçiyordu?
İlk olarak, ilk insan toplumlarındaki insanoğlu memeli hayvanları ve yavrularını yakından incelerlerdi. Memeli bir canlının meme bezleri ile yavruları arasındaki ilişki, ilk çiftçiler için şaşırtıcı bir şey olmazdı zira aynı şekilde insanoğlu da yavrularını besliyorlardı . Doğal ki insan memesinden çıkan şeyin ne olduğu biliniyordu.
Sonrasında bu ilk çiftçiler, normalde etini yiyecek için besledikleri erken dönem evcil sığır, koyun yada keçi sürüsüne bir başka pencereden bakmaya başladılar. Hayvanların doğum mevsimi yaklaştığında ziraatçi, hamile dişileri otlattığı geniş otlaktan daha minik bir çiftlik alanına getirip onları insan popülasyonuna daha yakın bir yere yerleştirdi. Bu şekilde hem anneler hem de yeni doğan yavruları yırtıcılardan daha iyi korunacak ve ziraatçi de zor doğumlara destek olabilecek.
Yeni doğan bir buzağı neredeyse derhal annesini emmeye adım atar . Buzağı emerken ve inek emzirirken, ziraatçi de incelemeye başladı. İnsanların çocuklarını emzirmesiyle hayvanların yavrularını emzirmesi içinde bağ kurdu. İneğin memesinin insanınkinden daha büyük bulunduğunu kavradı ve içilebilir bir şey bulunduğunu düşünerek kendisi memeyi sıkarak bir kaba doldurmaya yeltendi . Burada en zor kısım, hayvana yeterince yaklaşmak ve ineğin kendisine itimatını kazandırmak oldu.
Doğal bu altbaşlık altında anlattığımız ve açıklamaya çalıştığımız her şeyin başına bir ‘yüksek ihtimalle’ ibaresi koyabilirdik sadece bu akışı birazcık bozardı. Siz gene de o şekilde varsayın zira asla hakkaten tam olarak insanların ilk kere süt sağmayı nasıl akıl ettiğini %100 olarak bilemeyiz . Sadece bu şekilde tarihçilerin ve arkeologların ‘eğitimli tahminlerini’ baz alabiliriz.
Aslen süt ve süt ürünleri insan toplulukları tarafınca yaygın ve yoğun bir halde kullanılmaya başlamadan ilkin, insanların ve sığırların üstesinden gelmesi ihtiyaç duyulan bazı evrimsel ve teknolojik engeller vardı; bunlar, sığırlarda süt boşaltma refleksinin erken dönem sınırlamaları ve doğal ki insanlarda laktoz intoleransıydı. Sonrasında insanoğlu sütü kaynatarak arındırmayı ne vakit akıl etti diye de bir ara konuşuruz.
Özetleyecek olursak:
İlk sütü sağmayı akıl edenler, yerleşik dünyadaki ilk çiftçilerdi diyebiliriz (gene başına ‘yüksek olasılıkla’ koyarak) . İnsanların emzirdiklerini görerek bir bağdaştırma yaptılar ve daha büyük bir memedeki sütü halkını geçindirmek için çıkartabileceklerini düşündüler. Böylece ilk süt sağılmış oldu. Siz ne düşünüyorsunuz? Düşüncelerinizi yorumlarda bizlerle paylaşmayı lütfen ihmal etmeyin.
Kaynak :
https://ifeelitinmybones.wordpress.com/2017/09/08/the-first-milking-what-were-they-thinking/
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