20";display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden}.clearfix:after{clear:both}.tie-container,#tie-wrapper{height:100%;min-height:650px}.tie-container{position:relative;overflow:hidden}#tie-wrapper{background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:108;height:100%;margin:0 auto}.container-wrapper{background:#fff;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-radius:2px;padding:30px}#content{margin-top:30px}@media (max-width:991px){#content{margin-top:15px}}.site-content{-ms-word-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word}.theme-header{background:#fff;position:relative;z-index:999}.theme-header:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.theme-header.has-shadow{box-shadow:rgba(0,0,0,.1) 0px 25px 20px -20px}#menu-components-wrap{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;width:100%;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap}.header-layout-4 #menu-components-wrap{-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}.header-layout-4 #menu-components-wrap .main-menu-wrap{-webkit-flex-grow:2;-ms-flex-positive:2;flex-grow:2}.header-layout-4 #menu-components-wrap .flex-placeholder{-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1}#logo{margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:40px;display:block;float:left}#logo img{vertical-align:middle}#logo a{display:inline-block}#tie-logo-inverted,#tie-sticky-logo-inverted{display:none}@media (max-width:991px){#theme-header.has-normal-width-logo #logo{margin:14px 0!important;text-align:left;line-height:1}#theme-header.has-normal-width-logo #logo img{width:auto;height:auto;max-width:190px}}@media (max-width:479px){#theme-header.has-normal-width-logo #logo img{max-width:160px;max-height:60px!important}}@media (max-width:991px){#theme-header.mobile-header-default.header-layout-1 .header-layout-1-logo{-webkit-flex-grow:10;-ms-flex-positive:10;flex-grow:10}}.components{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-justify-content:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:end}.components>li{position:relative}.components>li.social-icons-item{margin:0}.components>li>a{display:block;position:relative;width:30px;text-align:center;font-size:16px;white-space:nowrap}.components .search-bar form{width:auto;background:rgba(255,255,255,.1);line-height:36px;border-radius:50px;position:relative}.components #search-input{border:0;width:100%;background:0 0;padding:0 35px 0 20px;border-radius:0;font-size:inherit}.components #search-submit{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:40px;line-height:inherit;color:#777;background:0 0;font-size:15px;padding:0;border:none}.header-layout-1 #menu-components-wrap{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end}.header-layout-1 .main-menu-wrapper{display:table;width:100%}.header-layout-1 #logo{line-height:1;float:left;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px}.header-layout-1 .header-layout-1-logo{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;float:none}@media (max-width:991px){.header-layout-1 .main-menu-wrapper{border-width:0;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}}.mobile-header-components{display:none;z-index:10;height:30px;line-height:30px;-webkit-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;-webkit-flex:1 1 0%;-ms-flex:1 1 0%;flex:1 1 0%}.mobile-header-components .components{float:none;display:-webkit-flex!important;display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important;-webkit-justify-content:stretch;-ms-flex-pack:stretch;justify-content:stretch}.mobile-header-components .components li.custom-menu-link{display:inline-block;float:none}.mobile-header-components .components li.custom-menu-link>a{width:20px;padding-bottom:15px}.header-layout-1.main-nav-dark .mobile-header-components .components li.custom-menu-link>a{color:#fff}.mobile-header-components [class^=tie-icon-]{font-size:18px;width:20px;height:20px;vertical-align:middle}.mobile-header-components .tie-mobile-menu-icon{font-size:20px}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon{display:inline-block;width:20px;height:2px;background-color:var(--base-color);position:relative;top:-4px}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon:before,.mobile-header-components .nav-icon:after{position:absolute;right:0;background-color:var(--base-color);content:'';display:block;width:100%;height:100%;-webkit-transform:translateZ(0);transform:translateZ(0);-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;backface-visibility:hidden}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon:before{-webkit-transform:translateY(-7px);-ms-transform:translateY(-7px);transform:translateY(-7px)}.mobile-header-components .nav-icon:after{-webkit-transform:translateY(7px);-ms-transform:translateY(7px);transform:translateY(7px)}.main-nav-dark.header-layout-1 .mobile-header-components .nav-icon,.main-nav-dark.header-layout-1 .mobile-header-components .nav-icon:before,.main-nav-dark.header-layout-1 .mobile-header-components .nav-icon:after{background-color:#fff}#mobile-header-components-area_1 .components li.custom-menu-link>a{margin-right:15px}#mobile-header-components-area_2 .components{-webkit-flex-direction:row-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse}#mobile-header-components-area_2 .components li.custom-menu-link>a{margin-left:15px}@media (max-width:991px){#tie-body #mobile-container,.mobile-header-components{display:block}#slide-sidebar-widgets{display:none}}.top-nav{background-color:#fff;position:relative;z-index:10;line-height:40px;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-width:1px 0;color:var(--base-color);clear:both}.main-nav-below.top-nav-above .top-nav{border-top-width:0}.top-nav a:not(.button):not(:hover){color:var(--base-color)}.topbar-wrapper{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;min-height:40px}.top-nav .tie-alignleft,.top-nav .tie-alignright{-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;position:relative}.top-nav.has-breaking-news .tie-alignleft{-webkit-flex:1 0 100px;-ms-flex:1 0 100px;flex:1 0 100px}.top-nav.has-breaking-news .tie-alignright{-webkit-flex-grow:0;-ms-flex-positive:0;flex-grow:0;z-index:1}.topbar-today-date{float:left;padding-right:15px;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0}@media (max-width:991px){.topbar-today-date,.theme-header .components{display:none}}.breaking{display:none}.main-nav-wrapper{position:relative;z-index:4}.main-nav{background-color:var(--main-nav-background);color:var(--main-nav-primary-color);position:relative;border:1px solid var(--main-nav-main-border-color);border-width:1px 0}.main-menu-wrapper{position:relative}@media (min-width:992px){.header-menu .menu{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.header-menu .menu a{display:block;position:relative}.header-menu .menu>li>a{white-space:nowrap}.header-menu .menu .sub-menu a{padding:8px 10px}.header-menu .menu ul:not(.sub-menu-columns):not(.sub-menu-columns-item):not(.sub-list):not(.mega-cat-sub-categories):not(.slider-arrow-nav){box-shadow:0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.header-menu .menu ul li{position:relative}.header-menu .menu ul a{border-width:0 0 1px}#main-nav{z-index:9;line-height:60px}.main-menu .menu>li>a{padding:0 14px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700}.main-menu .menu>li>.menu-sub-content{border-top:2px solid var(--main-nav-primary-color)}.main-menu .menu ul{line-height:20px;z-index:1}.main-menu .menu .sub-menu .tie-menu-icon,.main-menu .menu .mega-recent-featured-list .tie-menu-icon{width:20px}.main-menu .menu-sub-content{background:var(--main-nav-background);display:none;padding:15px;width:230px;position:absolute;box-shadow:0 3px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.main-menu .menu-sub-content a{width:200px}nav.main-nav.menu-style-default .menu>li.tie-current-menu{border-bottom:5px solid var(--main-nav-primary-color);margin-bottom:-5px}nav.main-nav.menu-style-default .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a:after{content:"";width:20px;height:2px;position:absolute;margin-top:17px;left:50%;top:50%;bottom:auto;right:auto;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);background:#2c2f34}nav.main-nav.menu-style-solid-bg .menu>li.tie-current-menu>a{background-color:var(--main-nav-primary-color);color:var(--main-nav-contrast-primary-color)}.main-nav .menu a,.main-nav .components li a{color:var(--main-nav-text-color)}.main-nav-dark{--main-nav-background:#1f2024;--main-nav-secondry-background:rgba(0,0,0,.2);--main-nav-primary-color:var(--brand-color);--main-nav-contrast-primary-color:var(--bright-color);--main-nav-text-color:#fff;--main-nav-secondry-text-color:rgba(225,255,255,.5);--main-nav-main-border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.07);--main-nav-secondry-border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.04)}.main-nav-dark .main-nav{border-width:0}}@media (min-width:992px){header .menu-item-has-children>a:before,.mega-menu>a:before{content:'';position:absolute;right:10px;top:50%;bottom:auto;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);font-family:'tiefonticon'!important;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;content:"\f079";font-size:11px;line-height:1}.menu>.menu-item-has-children:not(.is-icon-only)>a,.menu .mega-menu:not(.is-icon-only)>a{padding-right:25px}}@media (min-width:992px){.header-layout-1.main-nav-below.top-nav-above .main-nav{margin-top:-1px;border-top-width:0}.header-layout-1.main-nav-below.top-nav-above .breaking-title{top:0;margin-bottom:-1px}}.header-layout-1.has-shadow:not(.top-nav-below) .main-nav{border-bottom:0!important}@media only screen and (min-width:992px) and (max-width:1100px){.main-nav .menu>li:not(.is-icon-only)>a{padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px}.main-nav .menu>li:not(.is-icon-only)>a:before{display:none}}@media (max-width:991px){#sticky-logo{display:none}}#main-nav:not(.fixed-nav) #sticky-logo,#main-nav:not(.fixed-nav) .flex-placeholder{display:none}@media (min-width:992px){#sticky-logo{overflow:hidden;float:left;vertical-align:middle}#sticky-logo a{line-height:1;display:inline-block}#sticky-logo img{position:relative;vertical-align:middle;padding:8px 10px;top:-1px;max-height:50px}.header-layout-1 #sticky-logo img{padding:0}.header-layout-1:not(.has-custom-sticky-logo) #sticky-logo{display:none}.theme-header #sticky-logo img{opacity:0;visibility:hidden;width:0!important;-webkit-transform:translateY(75%);-ms-transform:translateY(75%);transform:translateY(75%)}.header-layout-1 .flex-placeholder{-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1}}@media (max-width:991px){#tie-wrapper header#theme-header{box-shadow:none;background:0 0!important}.header-layout-1 .main-nav{border-width:0;box-shadow:0 3px 7px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.header-layout-1 .main-nav{background-color:#fff}.main-nav-dark.header-layout-1 .main-nav{background-color:#1f2024}.header-layout-1 #menu-components-wrap{display:none}.main-menu-wrapper .main-menu-wrap{width:100%}}.main-nav-dark .main-nav input{color:#ccc}@media (max-width:767px){.magazine1:not(.has-builder):not(.error404) .main-content,.magazine1:not(.has-builder):not(.error404) .sidebar{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}}input{border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);color:var(--base-color);font-size:13px;outline:none;padding:10px 12px;line-height:23px;border-radius:2px;max-width:100%;background-color:transparent}input:not([type=checkbox]):not([type=radio]){-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;outline:none}@media (max-width:767px){input:not([type=submit]){font-size:16px!important}}.button,[type=submit]{width:auto;position:relative;background-color:var(--tie-buttons-color,var(--brand-color));color:var(--tie-buttons-text,var(--bright-color));border-radius:var(--tie-buttons-radius,2px);border:var(--tie-buttons-border-width,0) solid var(--tie-buttons-border-color,var(--brand-color));padding:10px 25px;margin:0;font-weight:600;font-size:14px;display:inline-block;text-align:center;line-height:21px;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:middle;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none}@media (min-width:992px){.sidebar-right .main-content{float:left}.sidebar-right .sidebar{float:right}.sidebar-right.magazine1 .main-content{padding-right:3px}}.post-thumb{position:relative;height:100%;display:block;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;backface-visibility:hidden;-webkit-transform:rotate(0);-ms-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0)}.post-thumb img{width:100%;display:block}.post-thumb .post-cat-wrap{position:absolute;bottom:10px;margin:0;right:10px}.post-meta{margin:10px 0 8px;font-size:12px;overflow:hidden}.post-meta,.post-meta a:not(:hover){color:#666}.post-meta .meta-item{margin-right:8px;display:inline-block}.post-meta .meta-item.tie-icon:before{padding-right:3px}.post-meta .meta-item.date:before{content:"\f017"}.post-meta .meta-item.meta-comment:before{content:"\f086"}.post-meta .tie-alignright .meta-item:last-child{margin:0!important}@media (max-width:767px){.entry-header .post-meta>span,.entry-header .post-meta>div,.main-content .post-meta>span,.main-content .post-meta>div{float:left}}.post-cat-wrap{position:relative;z-index:3;margin-bottom:5px;font-weight:400;font-family:inherit!important;line-height:0;display:block}.post-cat{display:inline-block;background:var(--brand-color);color:var(--bright-color);padding:0 11px;font-size:13px;line-height:2em;margin-right:4px;position:relative;white-space:nowrap;word-wrap:normal;letter-spacing:0;border-radius:4px}.post-cat:first-child:last-child{margin:0}#breadcrumb{margin:50px 0 0}#breadcrumb,#breadcrumb a:not(:hover){color:#666}#breadcrumb .delimiter{margin:0 3px;font-style:normal}.entry-header-outer #breadcrumb{margin:0 0 20px;padding:0}@media (max-width:767px){.single-post #breadcrumb .current,.single-post #breadcrumb em:last-of-type{display:none}}.author-avatar{display:block}.author-avatar img{border-radius:50%;max-width:111px;object-fit:cover;aspect-ratio:1}.social-icons-item{float:right;margin-left:6px;position:relative}.social-icons-item .social-link span{color:var(--base-color);line-height:unset}.social-icons-widget .social-icons-item .social-link{width:24px;height:24px;line-height:24px;padding:0;display:block;text-align:center;border-radius:2px}.top-nav .components>li.social-icons-item .social-link:not(:hover) span{color:var(--base-color)}.social-icons-item .facebook-social-icon{background-color:#4080ff!important}.social-icons-item .facebook-social-icon span{color:#4080ff}.social-icons-item .twitter-social-icon{background-color:#000!important}.social-icons-item .twitter-social-icon span{color:#000}.social-icons-item .instagram-social-icon{background-color:#c13584!important}.social-icons-item .instagram-social-icon span{color:#c13584}.social-icons-item .youtube-social-icon{background-color:#ef4e41!important}.social-icons-item .youtube-social-icon span{color:#ef4e41}ul:not(.solid-social-icons) .social-icons-item a:not(:hover){background-color:transparent!important}.solid-social-icons .social-link{background-color:var(--base-color)}.dark-skin .solid-social-icons .social-link{background-color:#27292d;border-color:#27292d}.solid-social-icons .social-link span{color:#fff!important}.entry-header{padding:30px 30px 0;margin-bottom:20px}@media (max-width:991px){.entry-header{padding:20px 20px 0}}@media (max-width:767px){.container-wrapper{padding:20px 15px}}.tabs{max-height:75px;width:100%;padding:0;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-width:0 0 1px;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}.tabs li{display:inline-block;position:relative;padding:0!important}.tabs a{background:rgba(0,0,0,.02);display:block;text-align:center;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-width:0 1px 1px 0;font-size:15px}.tabs a:not(:hover){color:var(--base-color)}.tabs>li>a{line-height:65px;padding:0 15px;border-bottom-color:transparent}.tab-content{padding:30px;display:none}.tab-content{position:relative}@media (max-width:767px){.tab-content{padding:20px}}.tab-content-elements li{opacity:0}.tab-content:not(.is-not-active):first-of-type{display:block}.tab-content:not(.is-not-active):first-of-type .tab-content-elements li{opacity:1}.tabs-container-wrapper{padding:0!important}.normal-side .tabs{display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}.normal-side .tabs li{-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1}.normal-side .tabs a{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;padding:0 10px!important}.normal-side .tabs li:last-child a{border-right-width:0}@media (max-width:320px){.normal-side .tabs{max-height:none;border-bottom:0}.normal-side .tabs li{display:block;width:100%;float:none}.normal-side .tabs a{border-bottom-color:rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-width:0 0 1px}}.block-head-1 .the-global-title{position:relative;font-size:17px;padding:0 0 15px;border-bottom:2px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);margin-bottom:20px}.block-head-1 .the-global-title:after{content:"";background:#2c2f34;width:40px;height:2px;position:absolute;bottom:-2px;left:0}.block-head-1 .the-global-title:before{content:"";width:0;height:0;position:absolute;bottom:-5px;left:0;border-left:0;border-right:5px solid transparent;border-top:5px solid #2c2f34}.block-head-1 .dark-skin .widget-title:after{background:#fff}.block-head-1 .dark-skin .widget-title:before{border-top-color:#fff}.block-head-1 .dark-skin .the-global-title{color:#fff;border-bottom-color:rgba(255,255,255,.1)}.side-aside{position:fixed;top:0;z-index:111;visibility:hidden;width:350px;max-width:100%;height:100%;background:#fff;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:center top;background-size:cover;overflow-y:auto}@media (min-width:992px){.side-aside{right:0;-webkit-transform:translate(350px,0);-ms-transform:translate(350px,0);transform:translate(350px,0)}}.site-footer .widget-title-icon{display:none}.dark-skin{--lazyload-loading-color:#161717}.dark-skin{background-color:var(--tie-dark-skin-bg-main,#1f2024);color:#fff}.dark-skin input:not([type=submit]){color:#ccc}.dark-skin a:not(:hover){color:#fff}.dark-skin .post-meta{color:#ccc!important}.dark-skin input:not([type=submit]){border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.1)}.dark-skin .container-wrapper{background-color:var(--tie-dark-skin-bg-main,#1f2024);border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.1)}.dark-skin .widget a:not(:hover),.dark-skin .widget-title{color:#fff}.dark-skin .widget-title-icon{color:#ccc}.sidebar .container-wrapper{margin-bottom:30px}@media (max-width:991px){.sidebar .container-wrapper{margin-bottom:15px}}@media (max-width:991px){.has-sidebar .sidebar{margin-top:15px}}.widget-title{position:relative}.widget-title .the-subtitle{font-size:15px;min-height:15px}.widget-title-icon{position:absolute;right:0;top:1px;color:#b9bec3;font-size:15px}.widget-title-icon:before{content:"\f08d"}.post-widget-body{padding-left:125px}.post-widget-body .post-title{font-size:14px;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:5px}.post-widget-thumbnail{float:left;margin-right:15px;position:relative}.post-widget-thumbnail img.tie-small-image{width:110px}.widget li{padding:6px 0}.widget li:first-child{padding-top:0}.widget li:last-child{padding-bottom:0;border-bottom:0}.widget li:after{clear:both;display:table;content:""}.widget .post-meta{margin:2px 0 0;font-size:11px;line-height:17px}.posts-list .widget-title-icon:before{content:"\f0f6"}.posts-list-big-first .posts-list-items li:first-child{padding-bottom:20px}.posts-list-big-first li:first-child .post-widget-thumbnail{width:100%;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:10px}.posts-list-big-first li:first-child .post-widget-thumbnail a{min-height:40px}.posts-list-big-first li:first-child .post-widget-body{padding-left:0}.posts-list-big-first li:first-child .post-title{font-size:18px}@media (max-width:991px){.posts-list-big-first .posts-list-items{overflow:hidden}.posts-list-big-first li{width:48%;float:left}.posts-list-big-first li:nth-child(2){padding-top:0}.posts-list-big-first li:nth-child(2n){float:right}.posts-list-big-first li:nth-child(2n+1){clear:both}.posts-list-big-first li:nth-child(2),.posts-list-big-first li:nth-child(3){float:right;clear:none}}@media (max-width:670px){.posts-list-big-first li{width:100%}.posts-list-big-first li:nth-child(2){padding-top:12px}}form.search-form{overflow:auto;position:relative;width:100%;margin-top:10px}.search-field{float:left;width:73%;padding:8px 15px}.search-submit[type=submit]{float:right;padding:10px 5px;margin-left:2%;width:25%}.login-widget .widget-title-icon:before{content:"\f023"}.login-widget form input[type=text],.login-widget form input[type=password]{width:100%;float:none;margin-bottom:15px}.login-widget .pass-container{position:relative}.login-widget .pass-container input[type=password]{padding-right:70px}.login-widget .forget-text{position:absolute;right:15px;line-height:45px;top:0;font-size:12px}.login-widget .forget-text:not(:hover){color:#666}.login-widget .rememberme{display:block;margin-bottom:15px}.login-widget .register-link{margin:8px 0 0;display:block;text-align:center}.tab-content-comments .post-widget-body{padding-left:80px}.widget_tag_cloud .widget-title-icon:before{content:"\f02c"}li.widget-post-list{padding:7px 0;position:relative}.latest-tweets-widget .widget-title-icon:before{content:"\e90f"}.social-icons-widget ul{margin:0 -3px}.social-icons-widget .social-icons-item{float:left;margin:3px;border-bottom:0;padding:0}.social-icons-widget .social-icons-item .social-link{width:40px;height:40px;line-height:40px;font-size:18px}@media (max-width:479px){.social-icons-widget .social-icons-item{float:none;display:inline-block}}.widget-posts-list-container{position:relative}@media (min-width:992px){.mega-menu .mega-menu-block{left:0;width:100%;padding:30px}.mega-menu .mega-menu-block a{width:auto}.main-menu .mega-cat-wrapper{overflow:hidden;height:auto;clear:both}.main-menu .mega-ajax-content{min-height:200px;position:relative}.main-menu .mega-recent-featured .mega-ajax-content{min-height:325px}.main-menu .mega-cat .mega-menu-content{clear:both}.main-menu .mega-cat .mega-menu-block{padding:0}.main-menu .mega-cat-content{padding:30px}.main-menu .horizontal-posts{width:100%}.main-menu .mega-recent-featured>.menu-sub-content{overflow:hidden}.main-menu .mega-recent-featured .mega-menu-content{float:right;position:relative;min-height:30px;width:100%}.main-menu .mega-recent-featured.menu-item-has-children .mega-menu-content{width:75%}.main-menu ul.mega-recent-featured-list{width:25%;padding-right:30px;float:left;position:relative;box-shadow:none}.main-menu .mega-recent-featured-list li{width:100%;z-index:2}.main-menu .mega-recent-featured-list a{display:block;padding:10px 0}.main-menu .mega-recent-featured-list:after{content:"";width:1500px;height:1500px;background:rgba(0,0,0,.03);position:absolute;z-index:1;right:0;top:-100px}}.breaking{float:left;width:100%;display:block!important}.breaking-title{padding:0 10px;display:block;float:left;color:#fff;font-size:12px;position:relative}.breaking-title span{position:relative;z-index:1}.breaking-title span.breaking-icon{display:none}@media (max-width:600px){.breaking-title span.breaking-icon{display:inline-block}.breaking-title .breaking-title-text{display:none}}.breaking-title:before{content:"";background:#f05555;width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;z-index:0}.breaking-news{display:none}#mobile-container{display:none;padding:10px 30px 30px}#mobile-menu{margin-bottom:20px;position:relative;padding-top:15px}#mobile-social-icons{margin-bottom:15px}#mobile-social-icons ul{text-align:center;overflow:hidden}#mobile-social-icons ul .social-icons-item{float:none;display:inline-block}#mobile-social-icons .social-icons-item{margin:0}#mobile-social-icons .social-icons-item .social-link{background:0 0;border:none}#mobile-search .search-form{overflow:hidden;position:relative}#mobile-search .search-form:after{position:absolute;content:"\f002";font-family:'tiefonticon';top:4px;right:10px;line-height:30px;width:30px;font-size:16px;border-radius:50%;text-align:center;color:#fff}#mobile-search .search-field{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.05);border-color:rgba(255,255,255,.1);color:#fff;width:100%;border-radius:50px;padding:7px 45px 7px 20px}#mobile-search .search-submit{background:0 0;font-size:0;width:35px;height:38px;position:absolute;top:0;right:5px;z-index:1}#mobile-search input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:rgba(255,255,255,.6)}#mobile-search input::-moz-placeholder{color:rgba(255,255,255,.6)}#mobile-search input:-moz-placeholder{color:rgba(255,255,255,.6)}#mobile-search input:-ms-input-placeholder{color:rgba(255,255,255,.6)}#tie-wrapper:after{position:absolute;z-index:1000;top:-10%;left:-50%;width:0;height:0;background:rgba(0,0,0,.2);content:'';opacity:0}@media (max-width:991px){.side-aside.appear-from-left{left:0;-webkit-transform:translate(-100%,0);-ms-transform:translate(-100%,0);transform:translate(-100%,0)}.side-aside.is-fullwidth{width:100%}}.is-desktop .side-aside .has-custom-scroll{padding:50px 0 0}.side-aside:after{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background:rgba(0,0,0,.2);content:'';opacity:1}.side-aside .container-wrapper{padding:30px!important;border-radius:0;border:0;background:0 0;box-shadow:none!important}a.remove{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;display:block;speak:never;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;width:20px;height:20px;display:block;line-height:20px;text-align:center;font-size:15px}a.remove:before{content:"\e117";font-family:'tiefonticon';color:#e74c3c}a.remove.big-btn{width:25px;height:25px;line-height:25px;font-size:22px}a.remove.light-btn:not(:hover):before{color:#fff}.side-aside a.remove{z-index:1;top:15px;left:50%;right:auto;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%)}.side-aside a.remove:not(:hover):before{color:#111}.side-aside.dark-skin a.remove:not(:hover):before{color:#fff}.tie-popup a.remove{-webkit-transform:scale(.2);-ms-transform:scale(.2);transform:scale(.2);opacity:0;top:15px;right:15px;z-index:1}.theiaStickySidebar:after{content:"";display:table;clear:both}.side-aside,.has-custom-scroll{overflow-x:hidden;scrollbar-width:thin}.side-aside::-webkit-scrollbar,.has-custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar{width:5px}.side-aside::-webkit-scrollbar-track,.has-custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-track{background:0 0}.side-aside::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb,.has-custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:20px;background:rgba(0,0,0,.2)}.dark-skin .has-custom-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{background:#000}.tie-popup{position:fixed;z-index:99999;left:0;top:0;height:100%;width:100%;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);display:none;-webkit-perspective:600px;perspective:600px}.tie-popup-container{position:relative;z-index:100;width:90%;max-width:420px;margin:10em auto 0;border-radius:2px;box-shadow:0 0 20px rgba(0,0,0,.2);will-change:transform,opacity;-webkit-transform:scale(.5);-ms-transform:scale(.5);transform:scale(.5);opacity:0}.tie-popup-container .login-submit{padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px}.tie-popup-container .container-wrapper{padding:60px;background-color:#fff!important;border-radius:5px}@media (max-width:479px){.tie-popup-container .container-wrapper{padding:30px}}#tie-popup-adblock .tie-popup-container{max-width:500px}#tie-popup-adblock .container-wrapper{background:#e74c3c!important;text-align:center;color:#fff}#tie-popup-adblock .container-wrapper .tie-btn-close:before{color:#fff}#tie-popup-adblock .tie-adblock-icon{font-size:120px;margin-bottom:10px}#tie-popup-adblock .adblock-message{margin-top:10px}.pop-up-live-search{will-change:transform,opacity;-webkit-transform:scale(.7);-ms-transform:scale(.7);transform:scale(.7);opacity:0}.tie-popup-search-wrap::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#fff}.tie-popup-search-wrap::-moz-placeholder{color:#fff}.tie-popup-search-wrap:-moz-placeholder{color:#fff}.tie-popup-search-wrap:-ms-input-placeholder{color:#fff}.tie-popup-search-wrap form{position:relative;height:80px;margin-bottom:20px}.popup-search-wrap-inner{position:relative;padding:80px 15px 0;margin:0 auto;max-width:800px}input.tie-popup-search-input{width:100%;height:80px;line-height:80px;background:rgba(0,0,0,.7)!important;font-weight:500;font-size:22px;border:0;padding-right:80px;padding-left:30px;color:#fff;border-radius:5px}button.tie-popup-search-submit{font-size:28px;color:#666;position:absolute;right:5px;top:15px;background:0 0!important}#tie-popup-search-mobile .popup-search-wrap-inner{padding-top:50px}#tie-popup-search-mobile input.tie-popup-search-input{height:50px;line-height:1;padding-left:20px;padding-right:50px}#tie-popup-search-mobile button.tie-popup-search-submit{font-size:16px;top:9px;right:0}#autocomplete-suggestions{overflow:auto;padding:20px;color:#eee;position:absolute;display:none;width:370px;z-index:9999;margin-top:15px}.tie-icon-facebook:before{content:"\f09a"}.tie-icon-search:before{content:"\f002"}.tie-icon-author:before{content:"\f007"}.tie-icon-home:before{content:"\f015"}.tie-icon-bookmark:before{content:"\f02e"}.tie-icon-ban:before{content:"\f05e"}.tie-icon-random:before{content:"\f074"}.tie-icon-phone:before{content:"\f095"}.tie-icon-twitter:before{content:"\e90f"}.tie-icon-navicon:before{content:"\f0c9"}.tie-icon-pinterest:before{content:"\f0d2"}.tie-icon-envelope:before{content:"\f0e0"}.tie-icon-linkedin:before{content:"\f0e1"}.tie-icon-bolt:before{content:"\f0e7"}.tie-icon-youtube:before{content:"\f16a"}.tie-icon-instagram:before{content:"\f16d"}.tie-icon-tumblr:before{content:"\f173"}.tie-icon-vk:before{content:"\f189"}.tie-icon-reddit:before{content:"\f1a1"}.tie-icon-paper-plane:before{content:"\f1d8"}.tie-icon-whatsapp:before{content:"\f232"}.tie-icon-odnoklassniki:before{content:"\f263"}.tie-icon-get-pocket:before{content:"\f265"}.tie-icon-fire:before{content:"\e900"}.tie-icon-moon:before{content:"\f10d"}.fas,.far,.fab{-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;display:inline-block;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-rendering:auto;line-height:1}.fa-android:before{content:"\f17b"}.fa-battery-half:before{content:"\f242"}.fa-bus-alt:before{content:"\f55e"}.fa-chart-bar:before{content:"\f080"}.fa-coffee:before{content:"\f0f4"}.fa-globe-americas:before{content:"\f57d"}.fa-hamburger:before{content:"\f805"}.fa-hire-a-helper:before{content:"\f3b0"}.fa-home:before{content:"\f015"}.fa-house-user:before{content:"\f965"}.fa-money-check-alt:before{content:"\f53d"}.fa-weight-hanging:before{content:"\f5cd"}.fab{font-family:'Font Awesome 5 Brands';font-weight:400}.far{font-family:'Font Awesome 5 Free';font-weight:400}.fas{font-family:'Font Awesome 5 Free';font-weight:900}.post-content.container-wrapper{padding:0}.entry-header{font-size:45px;line-height:1.2}@media (max-width:767px){.entry-header{font-size:28px}}.entry-header .entry-title{margin-bottom:15px}@media (max-width:767px){.entry-header .entry-title{font-size:28px}}.entry-header .post-cat{margin-bottom:6px}.entry-header .post-meta{overflow:inherit;font-size:12px;margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:24px}.entry-header .post-meta .meta-item{margin-right:12px}.entry-header .post-meta,.entry-header .post-meta a:not(:hover){color:#333}.entry-header .post-meta .meta-author{margin:0}.entry-header .post-meta .meta-author a{font-weight:600}.entry-header .post-meta .author-meta+.date:before{content:"22";color:#ccc;margin:0 3px 0 5px;display:inline-block}.entry-header .post-meta .tie-alignright{display:inline}@media (max-width:767px){.entry-header .post-meta{margin-bottom:-8px}.entry-header .post-meta .tie-alignright{float:none}.entry-header .post-meta .meta-item,.entry-header .post-meta .tie-alignright .meta-item:last-child{margin-bottom:8px!important}.entry-header .post-meta>span,.entry-header .post-meta>div{float:initial!important}.entry-header .post-meta .meta-author a{font-weight:400}.entry-header .meta-author-avatar img{width:20px;height:20px}}.meta-author-avatar img{width:30px;height:30px;margin-right:3px;margin-top:-5px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:50%}.post-layout-1 .entry-header-outer{padding:30px 30px 20px}@media (max-width:767px){.post-layout-1 .entry-header-outer{padding:20px}}.post-layout-1 .entry-header{padding:0;margin:0}.featured-area{position:relative;margin-bottom:30px;line-height:1}@media (max-width:767px){.featured-area{margin-bottom:20px}}.featured-area img{width:100%}.single-featured-image{position:relative;margin:0;line-height:0}.share-buttons{padding:18px 28px;line-height:0}@media (max-width:767px){.share-buttons{padding:15px}}@media (min-width:768px){.share-buttons-top{padding-bottom:0}}.entry-header-outer+.share-buttons-top{padding-top:0}.post-layout-1 .share-buttons-top{padding-bottom:18px}.share-buttons-mobile{position:fixed;bottom:0;z-index:999999;width:100%;background:0 0;border:0 none;padding:0}.share-buttons-mobile .share-links a{margin:0;border-radius:0;width:1%;display:table-cell;opacity:1!important}.share-buttons-mobile .share-links a .share-btn-icon{margin:0 auto;float:none}@media (min-width:768px){.share-buttons-mobile{display:none}}.mobile-share-buttons-spacer{height:40px}@media (min-width:768px){.mobile-share-buttons-spacer{display:none}}.share-links a{color:#fff}.share-links{overflow:hidden;position:relative}.share-links .share-btn-icon{font-size:15px}.share-links a{display:inline-block;margin:2px;height:40px;overflow:hidden;position:relative;border-radius:2px;width:40px}.share-links a,.share-links a:before{background-color:#444}.share-links a .share-btn-icon{width:40px;height:40px;float:left;display:block;text-align:center;line-height:40px}.share-links a.facebook-share-btn,.share-links a.facebook-share-btn:before{background:#4080ff}.share-links a.twitter-share-btn,.share-links a.twitter-share-btn:before{background:#000}.share-links a.linkedin-share-btn,.share-links a.linkedin-share-btn:before{background:#238cc8}.share-links a.pinterest-share-btn,.share-links a.pinterest-share-btn:before{background:#e13138}.share-links a.reddit-share-btn,.share-links a.reddit-share-btn:before{background:#ff4500}.share-links a.tumblr-share-btn,.share-links a.tumblr-share-btn:before{background:#35465c}.share-links a.vk-share-btn,.share-links a.vk-share-btn:before{background:#45668e}.share-links a.odnoklassniki-share-btn,.share-links a.odnoklassniki-share-btn:before{background:#ee8208}.share-links a.pocket-share-btn,.share-links a.pocket-share-btn:before{background:#ef4056}.share-links a.whatsapp-share-btn,.share-links a.whatsapp-share-btn:before{background:#43d854}.share-links a.telegram-share-btn,.share-links a.telegram-share-btn:before{background:#08c}.share-links a.viber-share-btn,.share-links a.viber-share-btn:before{background:#773ead}@media (min-width:768px){a.whatsapp-share-btn,a.telegram-share-btn,a.viber-share-btn{display:none!important}}#related-posts .related-item{position:relative;float:left;width:33.333%;padding:0 15px;margin-bottom:20px}@media (max-width:767px){#related-posts .related-item{padding:0 8px}}#related-posts .related-item .post-thumb{margin-bottom:10px}#related-posts .related-item .post-title{font-size:14px;line-height:19px}#related-posts .related-item .post-meta{margin:4px 0 0}.has-sidebar .site-content #related-posts .related-item:nth-child(3n+1){clear:both}@media (max-width:767px){#related-posts .related-item{width:50%!important;clear:none!important}}#related-posts.has-extra-post .related-item:last-child{clear:none!important;display:none}@media only screen and (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767px){#related-posts.has-extra-post .related-item:last-child{display:block}}#cancel-comment-reply-link{float:right;line-height:18px}#reading-position-indicator{display:block;height:5px;position:fixed;bottom:0;left:0;background:var(--brand-color);box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(0,136,255,.7);width:0;z-index:9999;max-width:100%}#check-also-box{position:fixed;background-color:#fff;z-index:999;bottom:15px;right:-1px;-webkit-transform:translatex(100%);-ms-transform:translatex(100%);transform:translatex(100%);width:340px;padding:30px;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-radius:2px;border-top-right-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0}#check-also-box .has-first-big-post .post-widget-body{clear:both}#check-also-box .posts-list-big-first li{padding-bottom:0}#check-also-box .posts-list-big-first li .post-title{font-size:18px;line-height:1.3em}@media (max-width:991px){#check-also-box{display:none}}#post-extra-info{display:none}#main-nav .main-menu>ul>li>a{text-transform:uppercase}:root:root{--brand-color:#e67e22;--dark-brand-color:#b44c00;--bright-color:#fff;--base-color:#2c2f34}#reading-position-indicator{box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(230,126,34,.7)}:root:root{--brand-color:#e67e22;--dark-brand-color:#b44c00;--bright-color:#fff;--base-color:#2c2f34}#reading-position-indicator{box-shadow:0 0 10px rgba(230,126,34,.7)}.tie-cat-58{background-color:#e67e22!important;color:#fff!important}.tie-cat-58:after{border-top-color:#e67e22!important}@media (max-width:991px){.side-aside.normal-side{background:#2f88d6;background:-webkit-linear-gradient(135deg,#5933a2,#2f88d6);background:-moz-linear-gradient(135deg,#5933a2,#2f88d6);background:-o-linear-gradient(135deg,#5933a2,#2f88d6);background:linear-gradient(135deg,#2f88d6,#5933a2)}}
Yokuş İnerken Vitesi Boşa Almak Yakıt Tasarrufu Sağlar mı? - HAKANSEYHAN
Halk içinde peygamber vitesi olarak da anılan yokuş aşağı giderken vitesi boşa alma eylemi hakikaten de yakıt tasarrufu sağlıyor mu? Gelin, aslına bakarsak asla yapmamanız ihtiyaç duyulan bu eylemin sonuçlarına yakından bakalım.
Arabanızla yokuş aşağı giderken gaza basmak yerine vitesi boşa alırsanız daha süratli gideceğinizi, üstelik bunu yaparken yakıt da harcamayacağınızı düşünmüş olabilirsiniz. Dışarıdan bakıldığında tam anlamıyla “kazan-kazan” sistemi benzer biçimde görünüyor değil mi?
Peki durum hakikaten öyleki mi? Yokuş aşağı giderken vitesi boşa almak düşünüldüğü benzer biçimde yakıt tasarrufu sağlıyor mu? İçeriğe geçmeden izah edelim, bu durum hayatınızı riske atması yetmiyormuş benzer biçimde bir çok otomobil için yakıt tasarrufu sağlamıyor.
Burada aslına bakarsak iki durum var!
Karbüratörle çalışan eski otomobillerde boşa almak oldukca oldukca azca da olsa yakıt tasarrufu sağlayabilir sadece trafikte olan bir çok vasıta için vitesi yokuşta boşa almanın yakıt tasarrufu sağlamadığını, tam aksine yakıt tüketimini artırdığını biliyoruz.
Çağdaş araçlarda aracınız yokuş aşağı gittiğini anladığı anda motora yakıt vermeyi keser. Bundan dolayı yokuşun sağlamış olduğu ivme ve daha öncesindeki hızınız motorun çalışmaya devam etmesini sağlayacak gücü halihazırda oluşturur. Bu aşamada motorunuz oldukca azca ya da “asla” yakıt harcamadan çalışır vaziyette olur. Bu yakıt kesme işlemini ise elektronik denetim ünitesi (ECU) tarafınca çalıştırılan elektronik yakıt enjeksiyonu yapıyor.
Aslına bakarsak vitesi boşa aldığınızda yakıt harcamış olmuş olursunuz.
Çağdaş araçlarda yokuş aşağı giderken vitesi boşa aldığınızda motor ile tekerlekleri birbirinden ayırırsınız . Şu demek oluyor ki motorun çalışmaya devam etmesi için rölantide çekmiş olduğu yakıt kadar yakıt çekmesi gerekir. Oysa vasıta boşta olmasa tekerleklerin yokuşta kazanılmış olduğu ivme motora aktarılacak ve yakıta gerek kalmadan çalışmaya devam etmesi sağlanacaktı.
Eski otomobillerde yokuş aşağı giderken aracı boşa almak “bir miktar” yakıt tasarrufu sağlıyor. Peki ne uğruna?
Eski nesil otomobillerde, akıllı denetim sistemi olmayan karbüratör vardı. Mekanik bir aygıt olan karbüratör, motora yakıt enjekte ediyordu. İşte karbüratör, aracın yokuş indiğini anlamadığı için motor devrine nazaran yakıt göndermeye devam eder. Bu sebeple rölantiye nazaran yakıt tüketimi bir miktar fazla olabilir , sadece buna karşın eski nesil otomobillerde dahi viteste otomobil kullanmak güvenliğiniz için lüzumlu.
İLGİLİ HABER
Otomobillerde Bulunan ve Neye Yaradığını Bir çok Kişinin Bilmediği “İç Sirkülasyon Düğmesi” Ne İşe Yarıyor? Yokuş inerken vitesi boşa almak neden canınızı tehlikeye atıyor?
Şu ana kadar vitesi boşa almanın yakıt tüketimine olan etkisinden bahsettik. Aslına bakarsak yakıt tüketiminden daha mühim olan bir durum var: güvenlik.
Aracınızla yokuş aşağı inerken vitesi boşa aldığınızda tekerleklerin motorla bağlantısını kesmiş oluyorsunuz. Bu da aracın kontrolsüz bir halde hızlanmasını sağlıyor, şundan dolayı motoru çalışır tutmak için lüzumlu direnç ortadan kalkıyor.
İLGİLİ HABER
Kamyon ve Tırlarda Bulunan Bu Havada Asılı Tekerlekler Aslına bakarsak Ne İşe Yarıyor? Bu kontrolsüz hızlanma, yüksek hızın yanında fren mesafesini de mühim seviyede artırıyor. Bundan dolayı “motor freni” dediğimiz ve aracın durmasına destek olan güç tamamen ortadan kalkıyor ve fren aşamasında bir tek balatalara güvenmek zorunda kalıyoruz. Bu durum hem de balataların daha oldukca ısınmasına ve frenlerin tutmaması yada oldukca azca tutmasına neden oluyor. Yüksek hızda giderken frenlerin tutmadığı bir senaryo hayatınızı riske atabilir.
Vitesi boşa almak anlık tepkiler gerektiğinde yavaş kalmanıza sebep olabilir. Aracınızın vitesini boşa alıp yüksek hızda giderken ansızın hızlanmanız icap ettiğini düşünelim. Bu şekilde bir senaryoda ilkin aracı tekrardan vitese geçirmeniz gerekir. İşte kim bilir o 1 saniyelik vakit farkı bile kaza yapmanıza sebep olabilir. Bu sebeple aracı daima “doğru viteste” kullanmaya devam etmek gerekiyor.
İLGİLİ HABER
Manuel Vitesli Otomobillerde Debriyaja Basmadan Vites Değişiklik yapmak Mümkün: Peki Nasıl? Bugün sizlere aracınız yokuş aşağı giderken vitesi boşa almanın yakıt tüketimine etkisinden ve güvenlik mevzusundaki kusurlarından bahsettik. Bu biçim içeriklerin devamının gelmesini istiyorsanız yorumlarda belirtebilirsiniz.
Başa dön tuşu