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James Webb'in Çekmiş olduğu Fotoğrafta Galaksiler Neden Yamuk? - HAKANSEYHAN
James Webb Uzay Teleskobu tarafınca çekilen ve bugün paylaşılan ilk renkli fotoğrafta pek oldukca kişinin dikkati, galaksilerin yamuk gözükmesine çekildi. Bu, teleskobun lensinde yaşanmış olan bir problem değildi. Peki neydi? Gelin, doğamızın şaşırtan olgularından birine yakından bakalım
İnsanlık uzayın derinliklerindeki bilinmeyenleri keşfetmek için çalışmalarını son hızlıca ilerletirken, geçtiğimiz gece uzay evveliyatına geçecek mühim bir paylaşım yapılmış oldu. NASA, seneler devam eden ertelemenin peşinden uzaya gönderilmiş olduğu James Webb Uzay Teleskobu’nun çekmiş olduğu ilk renkli görüntüyü dünyayla paylaştı.
Pek oldukca galaksinin aynı anda gözlemlenebildiği SMACS 0723 kümesine ilişik olan o fotoğrafta gözün görebildiği her alanda yıldızlar ve galaksiler yer alıyordu. Evrenin sonsuzluğunu ve bizim küçüklüğümüzü tekrardan hatırlatan bu fotoğraf, bununla beraber pek oldukca kişinin dikkatini çeken bir olguya da sahipti: Bazı galaksiler, bilhassa fotoğrafın ortasında sanki görünmez bir çekim alanına girmiş şeklinde yamuk gözüküyordu. Peki, bunun sebebi neydi?
Galaksiler neden bükülmüş bir halde gözüküyor?
James Webb Uzay Teleskobu tarafınca çekilen yukarıdaki görselde işaretlenen alandaki galaksilerin yamuk gözükmesi, ‘kütleçekimsel merceklenme ’ olarak adlandırılan bir durumdan kaynaklanıyor. Gelin, Einstein’ın genel görelilik teorisinin tahminlerinden önde gelen ve birçok kez de çekilen fotoğraflarla kanıtlanan bu duruma yakından bakalım.
Uzayda bulunan her bir cisim bir kütleye haizdir ve cisimlerin bu hacmi, çevresindeki uzayı ve zamanı bükebilir. Bu bükülme sebebiyle de aslına bakarsak aşağıdaki görselde de görebileceğiniz gözlemlenen herhangi bir cismin gerçek konumu , gözümüze ve teleskop lenslerimize yansıyan konumuna gore değişik olabilir . Bunun ilk kanıtı da 1919 yılındaki Güneş tutulması esnasında, Arthur Eddington ve Frank Watson Dyson tarafınca Güneş’in oldukca tanıdığından geçen yıldızlaradn gelen ışığın büküldüğünü gözlemlemesiyle ortaya atılmıştır.
Genel görelilik teorisine gore ışık da uzay zamanda meydana gelen bu eğrileri izler. Bundan dolayı ışık, kütleli bir nesnenin etrafından geçerken, bu cismin etkisiyle bükülen uzay süre sebebiyle bükülür. Işığın bükülen uzaydaki yolculuğu, insanlığa öteki cisimlerin arkasına gizlenen ve oldukca uzakta bulunan gök cisimlerini de gözlemleme şansı verebilir. Bu durumun da bir örneği aşağıdaki görsel ile şu şekilde açıklanabilir:
Bunun yanı sıra bu durum, büyük kütleli yapıların ardındaki öteki yapıların da birden oldukca gözükmesine neden olabiliyor. Mesela aşağıdaki resimde aslına bakarsak devasa bir galaksinin ardında bulunan bir kuasar, yaymış olduğu ışığın bükülmesi sebebiyle dört değişik yerde, ayrı birer gök cismi şeklinde gözükebiliyor.
Dolayısıyla bugüne dek çekilen en net uzak evren görüntüsü olan yeni görüntü, kütleçekimsel merceklenmenin de tesirini oldukca net bir halde gösteriyor. Bu tesir olmasa göremeyeceğimiz galaksilerden bazıları da en eski galaksilerden birisi olma potansiyelini taşıyor. Doğal bizim bu galaksilerin milyarlarca yıl önceki halini görüyor olmamızı da hesaba katmalıyız.
İLGİLİ HABER
James Webb Uzay Teleskobu ile Çekilen ‘İlk Renkli Uzay Fotoğrafları’ Paylaşıldı! Evrenin Sırrını Açığa Çıkarmanın İlk Adımı…
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