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Kalbimizde, "Orada Olamaması Ihtiyaç duyulan" Yeni Bir Hücre Türü Bulunmuş oldu! - HAKANSEYHAN
Araştırmayı meydana getiren araştırmacıları bile şaşırtan bir halde, kalpte, çoğu zaman bir tek beyin ve omurilikte bulunan bir glial hücreye benzeyen, yeni bir hücre türü bulunmuş oldu. Kalbin etrafındaki ağ benzeri görünümleri sebebiyle “nexus glia ” olarak adlandırılan keşfin arkasındaki ekip, bu yeni hücrelerin gelecekte kalp hastalıklarını ve kusurlarını anlama şeklimizin kilidini açabileceğine inanıyor. Bulgular kısa bir süre ilkin PLOS BIOLOGY dergisinde gösterildi.
Çalışmanın ortak yazarı Cody Smith , “Benim için mükemmel bilimin tanımı, daha çok sual açan keşfettiğiniz bir şeydir. Bence bu, tam da bu tanıma uyuyor ” dedi.
Yeni keşfedilen hücreler, beynimizin tıka basa dolu olduğu yıldız şeklindeki oldukça görevli hücreler olan astrositlere benziyor. Bu hücreler beyinde ve omurgada sinir ağlarının oluşturulmasında ve sürdürülmesinde oldukça mühim bir rol oynuyor, sadece vücudun başka bir yerinde de bulunabilecekleri şimdiye kadar düşünülmüyordu.
Astrositler, gliyal hücreler olarak malum bir hücre sınıfına ilişkin. Bu hücrelerin adı Yunanca “tutkal” kelimesinden geliyor ve hücreleri keşfeden 19. yüzyıl nörologlarının, bu hücrelerin haiz bulunduğunu tespit edebildikleri tek işlev buydu. Günümüzde, gliyal hücreler hakkında birazcık daha çok şey biliyoruz, sadece her şeyi bildiğimizi söyleyemeyiz. Bu hücrelerin, mesela pankreas, dalak, akciğerler ve bağırsaklar şeklinde organlar dahil olmak suretiyle vücudun pek oldukça yerine bulunabileceğini biliyoruz; fakat buralarda tam olarak ne yaptıklarını bilmiyoruz.
Bilhassa beyindeki nöron işlevi için oldukça mühim olan astrositlerin, periferik sinir sisteminde (PNS), şu demek oluyor ki vücudun beyin ve omurilik dışındaki sinirlerle birbirine bağlanan kısımlarında neden bulunmadıkları da bilinmiyor.
Smith, “bizim için şaşırtıcıydı ” diyor ve ekliyor: “Bu yüzden PNS’de glial benzeri hücreler aradık. [Başyazar] Nina her hafta ofisime daha çok veriyle geldi ve bunların bir çok benim için ikna edici değildi… Sonunda veriler göz ardı edilemeyecek kadar fazla oldu. “
Başlangıç olarak ekip, son yıllarda hastalıkları modelleyen bilim adamlarının hızla kobay olarak tercih etmiş olduğu bir hayvan olan zebra balığına baktı. Zebra balığı kalbinde astrositlere benzeyen bir hücre türü keşfettiler ve türler arası çözümleme aynı hücreleri insan ve fare kalplerinde de ortaya çıkardı. Doğumdan ilkin, sonunda yüzümüzü ve düz kaslarımızı meydana getirmeye devam eden aynı hücre grubundan oluşan hücreler, çıkış yollarından kalbe yayılıyor ve bu, nexus glia’nın işlevi hakkında mühim bir ipucu veriyor.
Dahası, nexus glia, mühim bir glial gelişim geninden yoksun bırakıldığında, kalp atışı düzensiz hale geldi. Nina Kikel-Coury, “Kardiyovasküler bulmacanın yeni bir hücresel parçasını bulabilirsek, bunun gelecekteki emekler için temel oluşturabileceğini düşündüm ” dedi.
Bu nitelikteki pek oldukça keşifte olduğu şeklinde, tam neticeleri hemen hemen bilmiyoruz. Smith, nexus glia’nın “kalbi düzenlemede oldukça mühim bir rol oynayabileceğini ” düşünürken, onların kati işlevlerini hemen hemen “tamamen bilmedikleri ” mevzusunda uyardı.
Smith, “[Artık] daha ilkin varlığından bile haberdar olmadığımız 100 sorumuz var, bu yüzden daha ilkin asla çalışılmamış bu yolu keşfetmek için onları takip ediyoruz ” dedi ve sözlerini şu şekilde tamamladı: “Bu, temel nörobiyoloji çalışmanın birçok değişik bozukluğun anlaşılmasına nasıl yol açabileceğinin bir başka örneği… Gelecek için heyecanlıyım. “
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