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Her Ebeveynin Bilmesi Ihtiyaç duyulan Bebek Refleksleri - HAKANSEYHAN
Bebeklerin eline parmağımızı uzattığımızda adeta bir kapan benzer biçimde bizi yakalarlar ve cüsselerine nazaran devasa bir kuvvet uygulayarak parmağımızı sıkarlar. Peki bebekler her seferinde bu hareketi nasıl yapar?
Her sağlıklı bebek, anne karnındayken hemen hemen 6. haftasında çeşitli refleksler kazanmaya adım atar. Bu reflekslerden bazıları, anne karnında bebeği hayatta tutarken; bazıları ise doğumdan sonraki hayatında destek olmak için bir ön hazırlıktır.
Bugün sizlerle birlikte, bebeklerde gözlemlenen ve her ebeveynin bilmesi ihtiyaç duyulan reflekslere göz atacağız.
O kuvvetli ellerin yakalayamayacağı hiçbir şey yok
Neredeyse hepimizin bilmiş olduğu ve denemesi en sık meydana getirilen refleks doğal ki de kavrama refleksi dir. Palmar Grasp refleksi olarak da malum bu refleks, bebeklerde hemen hemen anne karnındaki 6. haftada kazanılır. İnsanlara maymunlardan geçmiş bir reflekstir. Bebek maymunlar bugün halen kavrama refleksi yardımıyla annelerine sıkıca tutunarak çevredeki tehlikelerden korunur.
Kavrama refleksini kontrol etmek için yapmanız ihtiyaç duyulan şey fazlaca rahat. Bebeğin avuç içine parmağınızı değdirdiğiniz anda içgüdüsel olarak bebekler parmağınızı sıkıca meblağ . Bu refleks, bebeğin motor gelişiminin sağlıklı bulunduğunu ifade ederken, 4. ay ila 6. ay içinde frontal (motorsal gelişim) loblar tarafınca terk edilir.
Anne babalar farkına varmasa da refleksler birçok kez kontrol ediliyor
Doğumun derhal sonrasında ve 6. aya kadar olan aşı takviminde sağlık mensupları tarafınca pek fazlaca kez bebeklerin refleksleri denetim edilir. Bebeğin refleks göstermemesi ise nörolojik bir problemin habercisi olarak değerlendirilir.
Mesela, aşıya götürülen bir bebeğin avucunu seven ya da ayağını gıdıklayan sağlık çalışanı aslen bebeğin reflekslerini ölçmektedir. Tıpkı ellerde olduğu benzer biçimde ayak parmaklarına da dokunulması halinde bebekler ayak parmakları ile parmaklarımızı sıkmaya çalışır. Bu da sağlıklı bir bebeğe işarettir.
Tombiş yanaklarını severken de reflekslerini ölçebiliyoruz
Bebeklerin gösterdiği ve ilkel refleks, infantil refleks ya da bebeksi reflekslerin bir öteki örneği de bebeklerde hangi yanağa dokunursanız bebeğin kafasını o tarafa doğru çevirmesi dir. Bu refleks de averaj 6. aya kadar devam eder. Bu refleks yardımıyla anneler bebeklerini daha rahat emzirir. Memenin yanağa değmesi ile bebekler gözlerini açmadan bile annesinin memesine erişebilir. Bu reflekse genel anlamda “arama refleksi” adı verilmektedir.
Her bebek Michael Phelps kadar iyi yüzebilir
Bebekler, anne karnındayken nefeslerini tutma ve yüzme refleksi kazandıkları için, doğduktan sonrasında 6. aya kadar su içinde nefes tutma ve yüzme refleksi gösterirler. Bebeklerin gösterdiği bu refleks yardımıyla suda doğum gerçekleştirmek mümkündür. Her ne kadar uzmanlar denemeyi önermese de bir bebeği suya bırakırsanız, nefesini meblağ ve el, kol ve bacaklarını kullanarak yüzme hareketleri sergiler.
Kanatsız meleklerin kolları, düşerken tıpkı bir kanat benzer biçimde açılır
Her ne kadar öteki testlere oranla birazcık tehlikeli bir kontrol olsa da bebeklerin nörolojik olarak sağlıklı olup olmadığını idrak etmek için refleks testlerine ihtiyacımız var ve bu testlerden biri de düşme refleksi olarak da malum Moro refleksidir.
Moro refleksinde, uzanan bebek iki kolu ile birlikte yukarı doğru çekilir ve peşinden özgür bırakılır. Özgür bırakmanın akabinde bebek kendisini yukarı doğru çeken ellere sarılmış olur ve elleri aşağı doğru çeker. Testi tatbik eden şahıs ellerini çekse bile bir süre bebeğin elleri havada kalmaya devam eder.
Düşme testi, bebeği kucağa alıp ansızın düşermiş benzer biçimde yaparak da uygulanabilir. Bu testin akabinde bebek, refleks olarak ellerini havaya kaldıracak tır.
Bebeğimizin boynu nereye çevrilirse, vücudu da oraya evrilir
Tonik boyun refleksi isminde olan bu testi uygulamak da son aşama rahat fakat önemlidir. Kontrol esnasında bebeğin boynu ne tarafa çevrilirse bebeğin kol, bacak ve gövdesi de o tarafa doğru evrilmelidir. Bu refleks de gene tıpkı öteki refleksler benzer biçimde ortalama 6. aya kadar devam etmektedir.
Hayatta kalmak için anne karnında öğrendiğimiz refleks
Bebeklerin gösterdiği refleksleri sayarken beslenmeyi elde eden emme refleksini saymazsak olmazdı. Bebekler hemen hemen anne karnında emme refleksini öğrenirken, doğumdan sonrasında da bu refleksi göstermeye devam eder. Bu sayede ağızlarına gelen meme, biberon ve hatta parmağı bile refleks olarak emerler.
Bebeklerin gösterdiği neredeyse her refleksin yavru kedilerde de görüldüğünü fakat bunun altındaki sebebin bilimsel olarak hemen hemen açıklanamadığını da sizlerle paylaşmak isteriz.
Kaynaklar: 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 /
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