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Kargalar Hakkında Şaşırtıcı 8 Gerçek - HAKANSEYHAN
Genel anlamda siyah, parlak tüyleriyle malum oldukça güzel bir canlı türü var: Kargagiller. Haklarında devamlı kurnaz ve oldukça parlak zeka olmaları söyleniyor. Evet bu doğru fakat kargagillerle ilgili bilinmeyen gerçekler ve yanılgılar var.
Kargalarla ilgili toplumsal medya benzer biçimde çeşitli yerlerde ne kadar parlak zeka olduklarına dair videolar, paylaşımlar bazen görebiliyoruz. Bu kadar parlak zeka olmalarının aslolan sebebi beyin ve vücut büyüklüğü oranlarının en yüksek olduğu kuş türü olmasından kaynaklanıyor. Bilhassa corvus olarak adlandırılan karga cinsel bir maymundan beklenecek kadar büyük bir beyin vücut oranına haiz.
Kargagiller olarak malum bu kuşlar familyası, aslen bir tek kargaları değil, bununla beraber kuzgun, saksağan, su kuşları benzer biçimde canlıları da ihtiva eder. Hatta genel anlamda siyah olmasıyla bilinse de mavi alakarga denilen parlak mavi renkte bir türü dahi var. Beyaz perdede yada mitolojide genel anlamda korku, ölüm yada fenalık unsuru olarak kullanılsa da hem görünüşüyle hem de zekasıyla oldukça etkisinde bırakan bir hayvan olan kargalar hakkında şaşırtıcı gerçekleri sizler için derledik!
Kargalar cenaze töreni düzenlerler.
Kargaların beyaz perde ve mitoloji benzer biçimde alanlarda ölümü temsil etmesinin kim bilir sebebi kargaların türlerinden biri öldüğünde cenaze töreni düzenlemesidir. Merasim yalnızca bir kargayla yada bir grupla da gerçekleşebilir. Merasim esnasında ise oldukça ciddi ve sessiz olurlar. Araştırmacılara gore bir hayvanın duygusal düzeyinin ne durumda bulunduğunun bilinmesinin bir yolu yok fakat kargaların duygusal zekaya haiz olduğu düşünülüyor.
Kargaların bulmaca çözme kabiliyetleri minik bir çocuğunki kadar gelişmiş olabilir.
Kargaların zekasıyla ünlenmesi boşuna değil şu sebeple minik bir çocukla eşit düzeyde bulmaca çözebilme kabiliyetine haiz olabilirler. ‘Current Biology’ dergisinin bir araştırmasına gore kargalar bir bulmacayı çözerken alet kullanımını da planlayabilirler. Hatta bulmacayı çözmelerini zorlaştıracak tuzakları dahi görmezden gelmiş olarak başarıya ulaşabildikleri söylenmektedir. Karga zekalarının iyi mi gelişmiş bulunduğunu ve bulmacaları çözerken strateji uyguladığını gösteren BBC videosuna buradan ulaşabilirsiniz.
Kargalar alet kullanabilir ve alet yapabilir.
1960’ların başlangıcında bir primatoloğun yırtıcı şempanzelerin dalları avlanmak amacıyla kullandıklarını keşfetmesiyle birlikte insanların alet kullanma becerisine haiz olan tek tür olduğu fikrini çürüttü. Bununla beraber bir tek primatlar değil öteki hayvanlar da araştırma mevzusu oldu ve sonucunda kargaların da alet kullanma ve hatta onları yapabilme becerisine haiz olduğu kanıtlandı.
Kargagil familyasındaki birçok canlı alet aslına bakarsan kullanabilir fakat alet yapabilme kabiliyetine ileri düzeyde haiz olan bir tür var ki o da Yeni Kaledonya kargalarıdır. Bu kargalar bir dalı yapraktan temizlemekten dikenlerden kanca halletmeye kadar uzanan bir alet yapma kabiliyetine haizdir.
Kargalar dedikodu yapar, kin meblağ.
Evet, kargalar da dedikodu yapar. Birkaç karga türünün insan yüzlerini tanıyabildiği kanıtlanmıştır. Mesela, araştırılmak suretiyle alınan saksağan ve kuzgunların, geçmişte yuvalarına yada kendilerine oldukca yaklaştığını bilmiş olduğu araştırmacıları azarladıkları bilinmektedir.
Zamanında kötülüğü dokunduğunu bildikleri insanı asla unutmuyorlar ve bununla beraber onlara karşı kin besleyerek düşman durumunda görüyorlar. Araştırmalar gösteriyor ki kargaların bu mevzuda dikkat ettikleri tek şey öteki fizyolojik görüntü haricinde bir tek düşman belledikleri kişinin yüzüdür. Bu duygu, bilhassa kentlerde insanlarla birlikte yaşayan kargalarda gözleniyor.
Kargalar yiyecekleri için her yolu deneyebilirler.
Kargalar fırsatçı ve yaratıcı olma eğilimindedir ve hayatlarını kolayca devam ettirmek amacıyla yeni beslenme stratejileri geliştirmeye yatkındır. Bir tür karganın balığını kendi yakaladığı ve balığı yakınına çekmek için tuzak yem olarak başka yiyecekler kullandığı gözlemlenmiştir. Hem de öteki hayvanlardan ve hatta imkanları olan durumlarda insanlardan dahi yiyecek çalabilirler.
Kargalar evde yardımcılık yapabilirler.
Kargaların da elbet bir ailesi oluyor. Genç kargalar yuvadan çıktıktan bir süre sonrasında bile ebeveynlerine bağlı kalabilirler. Anne babaları tarafınca hala gelişimleri ve öğrenmeleri takip edilmiş olduğu bir nevi buluğluk dönemlerinde ailelerinin destek olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bazı durumlarda genç kargalar belli bir süre kendi yuvasını oluşturmak istemez ve eş bulmazlar. Bu şekilde durumlarda ailesiyle yuvalarında kalıp ebeveynlerinin ikinci çocuğuna doğrusu kardeşine bakmada destek olabilirler.
Kargaların tıpkı insanoğlu benzer biçimde lehçeleri vardır.
Masallarda, hikayelerde ‘gak gak’ diye tasvir edilen karga sesinden başka kullandıkları sesler de vardır ve her biri değişik bir anlama gelebilir. Karga dillerinin iki değişik popülasyonda dahi değişebildiği gözlemlenmiştir. Kuşbilimci bir araştırmacıya gore kargaların tıpkı insanlardaki benzer biçimde lehçeleri vardır. Bölgesel olarak değişebilen karga dilinde eğer bir karga sürü değiştirirse yeni dili, sürü liderlerini yansılamak ederek öğrenir.
Kargalar 200 yıl yaşamazlar.
Kargalar hakkında malum bir yanlış var ki o da 200 yıl kadar uzun bir süre yaşayan türlerininin olduğudur. Bu yanılgı nerden geliyor kim bilir fakat 200 yıl kadar yaşayan tek bir karga türü dahi yoktur. Doğada 15 – 20 yıl yaşayan kargalar, hususi bakım altındalarsa küçük bir ihtimal 30 yıl kadar yaşayabilirler. Kayıtlara geçmiş en uzun karga ömrü ise 40 senedir.
Başa dön tuşu