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'Marmara'da uzun senelerdir görülmeyen canlılar tekrardan ortaya çıkma başladı' - HAKANSEYHAN
Marmara Denizi’nde uzun senelerdir görülmeyen ahtapot, dil balığı, gorgon mercanı ve bazı kalamar türlerinin son dönemde görülmeye başlandığını belirten uzmanlar, alınan tedbirlerin, tesirini göstermeye başladığını söylemiş oldu.
İstanbul Üniversitesi Deniz Bilimleri ve İşletmeciliği Enstitüsü Öğretim Üyesi Doç. Dr. Ahsen Yüksek, “Deşarjların kısıtlanması, yasak avcılığın denetim altına alınması yada avcılığın sınırlandırılması, koruma alanlarının artırılması; türlerin yayılımına, üremesine fırsat vermesi ve bu türlerin artması açısından güzel şeyler. Neticelerini da nerede ise alıyoruz işte” diyor.
Marmara Denizi’nde görülen müsilajın arkasından bazı alanların Marmara Denizi ve Adalar Hususi Çevre Koruma Bölgesi olarak tespit ve duyuru edilmesine ilişkin karar, Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan’ın imzasıyla geçen yıl Resmi Gazete’de yayımlandı, ek olarak Marmara Denizi Fiil Planı hayata geçirildi.
AA muhabirine açıklamalarda bulunan İstanbul Üniversitesi Deniz Bilimleri ve İşletmeciliği Enstitüsü Öğretim Üyesi Doç. Dr. Ahsen Yüksek, alınan tedbirlerin arkasından Marmara Denizi’nde bazı türlerin tekrardan görülmeye başlandığını açıkladı.
Yüksek, “80’li yılların sonlarından itibaren Marmara’da orkinos pek görülmüyormuş. Şu anda ender de olsa Marmara Denizi’ne geliyor. Demek ki fırsat verilse bu türler girecek. Istakozlar ender türler, birinci derecede koruma altında, soyu tehdit altında olan türler. Marmara’da da var fakat derinde, 60 metrede falan vardı. Kısa bir süre ilkin 12 metrede görüntülendi.” dedi.
Haliç’te dil balığı ve çipura yumurtaları bulduklarını, daha ilkin Marmara’nın güneyinde görülen ahtapota, şimdi kuzeyde de rastladıklarına dikkati çeken Yüksek, şöyleki devam etti:
“Ahtapot normalde, eğer bir tehdit unsuru görmezse, kıyıya yakın alanlarda yaşar. Yuvalama alanı yada gıda sıkıntısı çekmiyorsa mevcud bir tür. Bilhassa cenup Marmara’da oldukça olan bir tür. 2000’li yılların başından beri Erdek Körfezi’ndeki biyoçeşitlilik azalmaya başlayınca örnekleyemiyorduk. Ahtapotun en büyük baskısı insan, eğer rahat verilirse, hızla çoğalacak bir tür.”
SEVİNMEK İÇİN ÇOK ERKEN, ÇOK BÜYÜK TEHLİKELER VAR
Bu türlerin haricinde kendilerine kısa bir süre ilkin deniz kestanesi ve sünger fotoğrafları da ulaştığını özetleyen Yüksek, Marmara Denizi’nde denetimlerin arttığını, hem kirlilik hem de balıkçılık açısından tedbirlerin son aşama sıkı şekilde denetim edildiğini vurgulayarak “Bu, siz denize ufacık bir dokunsanız geri dönüşünün oldukça güzel olacağının göstergesidir. Sevinmeli miyiz? Hayır, sevinmek için oldukça oldukça erken. Oldukca büyük tehlikeler var. Şu anda ekosistem bıçak sırtı şeklinde, keskin bir döngüde, ansızın oldukça fena şeyler yaşayabiliriz ya da yaşamayabiliriz.” yorumunda bulunmuş oldu.
Tedbirlerin önemine değinen Yüksek, “Deşarjların kısıtlanması, yasak avcılığın denetim altına alınması yada avcılığın sınırlandırılması, koruma alanlarının artırılması; türlerin yayılımına, üremesine fırsat vermesi ve bu türlerin artması açısından güzel şeyler. Neticelerini da nerede ise alıyoruz işte.” diye konuştu.
– “Birazcık vakit ve fırsat tanırsak Marmara bizlere süratli bir iyileşmeyle dönecektir”
Marmara Denizi ve Adalar’ın Hususi Çevre Koruma Bölgesi duyuru edilmesinin oldukça mühim bulunduğunu söyleyen İstanbul Üniversitesi Su Bilimleri Fakültesi Deniz Biyolojisi Ana Bilim Dalı Öğretim Üyesi Doç. Dr. Nur Eda Topçu Eryalçın, alınan kararların tamamen uygulanması halinde kati bir iyileşme beklediğini açıkladı.
Marmara Denizi’nin döngülerinin oldukça süratli bulunduğunu belirten Eryalçın, “Burada türler, başka bölgelere kıyasla oldukça daha süratli büyüyor. gelişimleri hakkaten süratli gerçekleşiyor. Biz bu baskıları azalttığımızda kesinlikle iyileşme olacağını düşünüyorum. Marmara’da iyileşmeyi verilerle görmeye başladığımızda mercanlar için daha iyi restorasyon emek harcamaları başlatabiliriz.” değerlendirmesinde bulunmuş oldu.
Eryalçın, şöyleki devam etti:
“Marmara için yapabileceğimiz oldukça şey var fakat en başta fiil planımızı samimiyetle uygulamak, izlemek geliyor. Minik koruma alanımızda, kendi ufak önlemlerimize devam edeceğiz. Balıkçılığı ve çıpa tesirini uzak tutmak gerekiyor. Düşünün ki bu kadar büyük bir kent var kıyısında, inanılmaz endüstri ile çevrili bir deniz. Başlı başına İstanbul yeter ve üzerine üstlük endüstri bölgesi, buna karşın bu denizde hala mercan var. Devasa bir salya tüm yüzeyini kapladı fakat hala mercan var, bitmediler, ölmediler. O yüzden Marmara’dan ümidimi kesmiyorum, biz birazcık ona vakit ve fırsat tanırsak kesinlikle Marmara bizlere süratli bir iyileşmeyle dönecektir diye düşünüyorum.”
– “Bu bölge son sığınak”
Yaptıkları çalışmalarda rastladıkları yeni türler hakkında data veren Deniz Yaşamını Koruma Derneği gönüllüsü, deniz biyoloğu ve su bilimleri mühendisi Busenaz Değirmen, “1960-1970’li yıllarda oldukça fazla görülen ahtapot, ıstakoz, bazı kalamar türleri, gorgonlar şeklinde bilhassa Akdeniz türlerini; Marmara ve Karadeniz’de görülmeyen türleri görme fırsatımız oldu, sayıları oldukça fazla arttı” dedi.
Dernek olarak bölgede mercan ekimi yaptıklarını ve bu ekimin büyük oranda başarı sağladığını kaydeden Değirmen, sözlerini şöyleki tamamladı:
“Bu bölgeyi biz son sığınak olarak ifade ediyoruz. Denizel koruma alanı duyuru ettiğimiz için de bu bölge oldukça fazla canlandı bu sebeple burası tam kesişim yolu. Ege, Akdeniz ve Karadeniz İstanbul’da kesişiyor. Tüm canlılar Adalar’a geliyor. Bu bölgede eskiden oldukça fazla avcılık oluyordu, bilhassa yasak avcılık oluyordu. Bu koruma alanı kararıyla beraber yasak avcılık da engellendi ve canlılara oldukça daha çok ev sahipliği yapabiliyor.”
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