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Fena Anıları Hafızadan Silmek Mümkün mü? - HAKANSEYHAN
Bellek kaybı korkulu bir şey olabilir, sadece çoğumuzun unutmayı oldukça istediğimiz bazı anılarımız da ne olursa olsun var. Son zamanlarda, sinirbilimciler, beyinleri bizimkinden oldukça daha ufak olan hayvanlarda olsa da, travmatik anıları silmede ilerleme kaydettiler. Yeni araştırmalar, silinebilecek anıları ve sıkışıp kalabileceğimiz anıları belirleyerek bu emekleri ilerletiyor.
Beta bloker propranololün öğrenilmiş travmayı ortadan kaldırabileceği iddia ediliyor. Hayvanlara verildikten sonrasında kendilerini daha iyi hissedip hissetmediklerini soramasak da, bilim adamları 2004 yılına kadar propranololün hayvanlarda travmaya dayalı tepkileri çözebileceğini gösterdiler. Ne yazık ki, neticeleri tekrardan üretme girişimleri tutarsız bulgular üretti.
Lizbon’daki Avrupa Nöropsikofarmakoloji Koleji senelik toplantısında, Cambridge Üniversitesi’nden Dr. Amy Milton liderliğindeki bir ekip, propranololün niçin devamlı anılar üstünde çalışmadığına dair kanıtlar sundu. Milton, “sap” proteini olarak malum bir molekülün, onları silme yada değişiklik yapma girişimleri karşısında anıları koruduğunu bildirdi. Sap proteininin bozulmuş olduğu yerde, propranololün anıları ortadan kaldırması mümkün olabiliyor.
Dr. Milton yapmış olduğu bir açıklamada “fareleri, Pavlov’un yüz yıldan fazla bir süre ilkin köpekleri koşullandırma biçimine benzer şekilde, bir korku hafızası yaratmak için hafifçe bir elektrik ayak şokuyla bir tıkırtıyı ilişkilendirmeleri için eğittik. Hemen sonra, tıklayıcıyı kendi başına tanıtarak farelere bu hafızayı hatırlattık (‘hafızayı tekrardan etkinleştirdik’) ve bu hatırlatmanın derhal arkasından bir beta bloker propranolol enjeksiyonu yaptık “dedi. Milton, açıklamasına şu şekilde devam etti: “Sadece bu müdahale sonrasında literatürde daha ilkin bildirilen amneziyi görmedik. Hemen sonra, ilk etapta anıların kararsız hale gelip gelmediğini belirlemek için sap proteininin varlığını kullandık ve olmadıklarını gördük. “
Milton, sap proteininin bir hafızanın hareketsiz hale gelmesine niçin olup olmadığını yada sabitleme işleminin bir yan ürünü olup olmadığının hemen hemen bilinmediğini de sözlerine ekledi. Bununla beraber, her iki durumda da, protein, başarıya ulaşmış bir halde uzaklaştırma beklentileri için bir belirteç görevi görmesi mümkün şeklinde duruyor.
Milton “Bu bir hayvan emek vermesi; insanların beyinleri benzer olsa da oldukça daha karmaşık ” diyor ve ekliyor: “Bunun, mesela, kahramanların hangi hatıraların silineceğini seçebildiği Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind [Sil Baştan] şeklinde filmlerde gösterilen türden bir duruma yol açtığını görmüyoruz .”
Bununla beraber, ekibin birçok bellek silme çalışmasına mevzu olan salyangozlar yerine fareler üstünde emek vermesi, insanlara uygulamanın giderek yaklaştığını gösteriyor. Milton, yalnız utanç verici yada rahatsız edici anıları silmek yerine, çalışmanın ciddi sıkıntıya niçin olabilecek türden travmatik deneyimlere uygulanabileceğini umuyor.
Milton, “Antik Yunan efsanesinde, onlara acı verici anıları unutturan bir ilaç olan Nepenthe’den söz ederlerdi. Bunun tedaviye giden yolda bir adım olmasını umuyoruz ” diyerek sözlerini tamamladı.
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