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Osmanlı'ya İngilizcede "Ottoman" Denilmesinin Sebebi - HAKANSEYHAN
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ve Ottoman Empire… Bu kelimeler birbirine oldukça benzediği için “dilden dile geçişlerde olur öyleki minik farklılıklar” diye düşünmüş olabilirsiniz sadece aslen bu iki kelimenin birbiriyle pek alakası olmayabilir!
“Olmayabilir” diyoruz şundan dolayı tarihçilerin bu mevzuda ortak bir görüşü bulunmuyor. Oldukca sayıdaki mühim tarihçinin bazı kuvvetli iddilarına bakılırsa bu farklılığın temel sebebi, Osman Bey’in isminin aslen Osman olmaması.
Kısaca Koskoca Osmanlı’nın kurucusunun adını senelerdir yanlış biliyor olabiliriz. Birazdan bahsedeceklerimizi okuyunca bu şekilde bir ihtimalin olması bile sizi heyecanlandırmaya kafi gelecek.
Osmanlı’nın kurucusu Osman Bey’in esas adının ne olduğu mevzusu, 18. yüzyılın ortalarından beri tartışılıyor.
Osman Bey
Bu kuvvetli iddialara bakılırsa Osman Bey’in aslolan adı Otman ya da Atman. Hatta Azman, Ataman, Otuman vb. alternatifler de iddialar içinde.
Türk yazar E. B. Şapolyo 1935’te mevzu üstünde durmuş ve “Osman’ın adı Otman’dır” demiştir.
Macar Türkoloğu Moravcsik, 1937’de 2. Türk Tarih Kongresi’ne sunmuş olduğu bildiride Osman Bey isminin Bizans’ta Otman, Atman, Atuman vb. şekillerde geçtiğini dile getirmiştir.
Hasan Adnan Erzi 1942’de adın Otman yada Tuman olabileceğini söylemiştir. Tarihçilerin bu benzer biçimde oldukça sayıda iddiası bulunmaktadır ve bunlar oldukça ciddi kanıtlara dayandırılmaktadır.
Bu adlar içinde öne çıkan ise “Otman”dır.
Tarihsel eserlerimizde bu isme rastlarız. Ek olarak birçok yer isminde bu isim geçer; Türkiye’de şu an Otmanalan, Otmanlar, Otmanlı benzer biçimde yer adları bulunmaktadır.
Odman, Türk ve Altay halk kültüründe “minik oğul” anlamına gelir. Otman, Otoman yada Utman olarak da söylenir. “Ocağın, ev ateşinin devamlılığını elde eden, evde kalan çocuk” anlamına gelir. Masallardaki daima başarıya ulaşmış olan minik oğul figürüdür. Türk kültüründe büyük kardeşler kendilerine yeni ev açar fakat en minik oğul evde kalır. Böylece ocak ateşinin devamını sağlar. Osman Bey hakkaten de masal benzer biçimde bir başarının tohumlarını ekmiştir.
Tarihçi Tuncer Gülensoy ise Batı dillerindeki Ottoman adını “od(ateş)” ve “tuman(duman)” olarak yorumlar.
Osman Bey’in ailesindeki adlar hep Türkçedir, bundan dolayı kendisinin Arapça bir isme haiz olma ihtimalinin düşük olduğu öne sürülür.
Orhan Gazi Ertuğrul Gazi
Osman Bey’in babası Ertuğrul; amcası Dundar (Dündar değil); kardeşleri Gündüz, Savcı, Saruyatı-Sarıbatı; oğlu Orhan hep Türkçe adlardır. Bunnların yanı sıra Osman Bey’in tabanca arkadaşları Akça Koca, Konur Alp, Turgut Alp, Saltuk Alp, Aykut Alp, Ak Temür, Kara Tekin adları da hep Türkçedir.
Kısaca tek kural dışı Osman Bey’dir ve bu da oldukça mantıklı görünmüyor. Şundan dolayı o vakit Kayı aşiretinin Müslümanlığı yenidir. Ek olarak o devirdeki alpler genel anlamda Türkçe ad taşırdı.
Arap yazarların eserlerinde Atman, Taman adları geçer; bazı tarihçiler bunun Arap adı olan Osman’la karıştırıldığını söyler.
Osman Gazi Türbesi (Bursa)
Doğu Roma (Bizans) kaynaklarındaki kayıtları ve başka kanıtları dikkatle inceleyen pek oldukça tarihçi, Osman Bey’in doğru ve gerçek adının Otman bulunduğunu ve bunun İslamlaştırılarak Osman yapıldığını öne sürüyor.
Peki Otman nasıl Ottoman oldu?
Ottoman biçimi muhtemelen İtalyanca (Venedikliler ve Cenevizliler) vasıtasıyla yayılmıştır. Şundan dolayı -t- ikizleşmesi İtalyancada sık rastlanır. Mesela Latince octo(göz), İtalyancada “otto”; Latince victoria(zafer), İtalyancada “vittoria”dır.
Tarihe göz attığımızda iki Türkçe kaynakta Otman adı geçer, ki bunlar direkt Osman Bey’i kasteder. II. Beyazıt devrinde yazılan Kitab-ı Velâyetnâme-i Hacı Bektaş-ı Horasanî’de geçen“Zikr olan Ertuġrul Alp’ıñ ey ‘azîz Var idi Otmān nām bir oġlınîz.” beyti direkt doğruya Osman Bey’i kasteder.
Yazıcızâde Ali ve İbn Bîbî’nin “Tarih-i Âl-i Selçuk (Selçuknâme)” yapıtının baş tarafında yer edinen Oğuzname’nin 14. satırındaki “Nakusların çaldırmayan Otmanoğlu “ kısmı da tarihçilerin söylediği benzer biçimde Otman (Osman) Bey’den başkası değildir.
Gene de bu mevzuda ortak bir görüş bulunmuyor; tüm bunlar birer savdan, düşünce jimnastiğinden öteye gitmiyor. Mevzuyla ilgili daha detaylı bir okuma yapmak isterseniz Filolog ve Türkolog Dr. Yusuf Gedikli’nin “OSMANLI DEVLETİ’Nİ KURAN OSMAN BEY’İN ADI SORUNU” adlı 32 sayfalık makalesini buradan , Deniz Karakurt’un Türk Söylence Sözlüğü’nü buradan inceleyebilirsiniz.
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