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Proxy Nedir, Ne İşe Yarar, Nasıl Kullanılır? - HAKANSEYHAN
İnternet ortamında adeta size siper olan proxy, birçok bilgisayar kullanıcısı için bilindik bir teknolojidir. Yalnız sizi korumakla kalmaz, başka güzellikler de yapar. Proxy teknolojisinin ne olduğu ve bilgisayarınızda nasıl erişeceğiniz hakkında kafa karışıklıklarınız var ise, bu içerik tam size nazaran.
Proxy, Türkçe’de ‘Vekil’ anlamına gelen İngilizce bir kelimedir. Vekil, dilimize Arapça’dan geçmiş olan ve ‘Birinin, işini görmesi için kendi yerine bıraktığı yada yetki verdiği kimse” anlamına gelen bir kelimedir. Proxy kelimesini idrak etmek, yapmış olduğu işi idrak etmek açısından da önemlidir.
Vekil sunucu yada yetkili sunucu olarak da isimlendirebileceğimiz Proxy nedir, ne işe yarar, türleri nedir gelin yakından bakalım..
Ilk olarak, Proxy nedir? İnternet’e bağlanan her bilgisayarın tıpkı evlerimiz benzer biçimde adresleri bulunur. İnternet protokolü (IP) adıyla malum bu adresler, aynı şekilde girdiğimiz web sitelerinde de bulunur. Doğrusu IP numarasını bildiğiniz sitelere bu sayıları yazarak da girebilirsiniz. Sadece doğal ki ne gerek var buna! Bu yüzden her sitenin bir alan adı var. İşte Proxy burada devreye giriyor. Adeta bilgisayar içinde başka bir bilgisayar benzer biçimde davranarak IP numaranızın web üstünde görülmesini engelliyorlar. Dolayısıyla kendilerini bir özgürlük savaşçısı ya da kalenizi sakınan muhafızlar olarak görebilirsiniz.
İnternet üstünde bir siteye girdiğimizde bilgisayarımız ve sitenin bağlı olduğu sunucular içinde bir tür trafik doğrusu bir data akışı söz mevzusudur. İnternet kullanıcıları, proxy kullanmadığında web ortamında tamamen görünür olurlar. Araya proxy girdiğinde bilgisayarımız yalnızca proxy ile temasa geçerek isteklerde bulunur. Proxy bu talebi web sitesinin ardındaki sunuculara yollar.
Peki Proxy ne işe yarar? Proxy kullanarak engellenmiş sitelere girebilir, internette daha süratli ve güvenli dolaşabilirsiniz. Bazı Proxy’lerin amacı internette kimliği gizlemekten ziyade filtreleme/zararı olan sitelere girişi engelleme ya da bant genişliğinden tutum ederek veri akışını hızlandırmaktır. Bireysel faydalarının yanında firmalar için de yararları vardır. Şirket içinde gizli saklı kalması ihtiyaç duyulan dökümanlar benzer biçimde bilgisayarda oluşturulabilen ve internette paylaşılabilen her şey için extra güvenli bir ortam sunar.
Proxy türleri nedir? Forward Proxy (Yönlendirme Proxy’si) Transparent Proxy (Saydam Proxy) Anonymous Proxy (Anonim Proxy) High Anonymity Proxy (Yüksek Anonimlik Proxy’si) Distorting Proxy (Proxy Bozma) Data Center Proxy (Veri Merkezi Proxy’si) Residential Proxy (Konut Proxy’si) Public Proxy (Genel Proxy) Shared Proxy (Paylaşılan Proxy) SSL Proxy (Secure Socket Layer/ Güvenli Yuva Katmanı Proxy’si) Rotating Proxy (Dönen Proxy) Reverse Proxy (Ters Proxy) HTTP Proxy SOCKS Proxy ELITE Proxy Her proxy temelde aynı işlev i görse de kullanım amaçları bakımından farklılıklar gösterirler.
Proxy ayarlarına nasıl erişilir? Windows 10 için Proxy ayarlarına erişme: Adım #1: Ayarlar sekmesini açın. Adım #2: “Network&Web” kısmını açın.Adım #3: Listeden Proxy/Ara Sunucu ifadesini seçin. Adım #1: Ayarlar sekmesini açın.
Sol altta bulunan “Başlat”a tıklıyoruz. Arkasından simgesi çark olan “Ayarlar”a geliyoruz.
Adım #2: “Network&Web” kısmını açın.
“Ayarlar” sekmesindeki “Network&Web” yazan yere tıklıyoruz.
Adım #3: Listeden Proxy/Ara Sunucu ifadesini seçin.
Solda bulunan listeden Proxy/Ara Sunucu ifadesine tıklayarak ayarların otomatik algılanması için on/açık konumuna getiriyoruz.
MacOS için Proxy ayarlarına erişme: Adım #1: Apple menüsünü açın ve sistem tercihlerinden Network/Ağ’a ulaşın.Adım #2: Tercih ettiğiniz ağı seçin ve Advanced/Gelişmiş ifadesine tıklayın.Adım #3: Proxy ayarlarını seçin ve tercih ettiğiniz ayarı uygulayın. Adım #1: Apple menüsünü açın ve sistem tercihlerinden Network/Ağ’a ulaşın.
Masaüstünde sol üst köşesinde bulunan Apple simgesine tıklayarak Apple menüsünü açıyoruz. Arkasından, Sistem Tercihleri’nden Network/Ağ’ı seçiyoruz.
Adım #2: Tercih ettiğiniz ağı seçin ve Advanced/Gelişmiş ifadesine tıklayın.
Ethernet yada Wi-Fi, hangi ağı kullanıyorsak onu seçiyoruz. Arkasından, Advanced/Gelişmiş ifadesine tıklıyoruz.
Adım #3: Proxy ayarlarını seçin ve tercih ettiğiniz ayarı uygulayın.
Proxy ayarlarına erişim sağlamak için “Proxies” sekmesine tıklıyoruz. Bu sekmeden de kullandığımız proxy her neyse onu seçiyoruz.
Proxy’nin negatif yönleri nedir? Son olarak, Proxy kullanmanın pek fazlaca yararı olsa bile insanı çileden çıkarabilen yönleri de yok değil. Ani bağlantı ve hizmet kesintileri yaşanabilir yada önbelleğe alınmayan sitelere giriş yapma hızını düşürebilir. Proxy seçerken fazlaca dikkat etmeli bundan dolayı kablosuz ağınızdaki davetsiz misafirler etkinliğinizi görebilir . Son olarak proxylerin tümü uygulama temelli olarak çalışırlar ve bu yüzden tüm aleti kapsayamaz.
Başa dön tuşu