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Seramik Üretiminde Hızla gelişen teknolojinin Yeri | Teknolojioku - HAKANSEYHAN
İnsan yapımı en eski seramik ürünler ise kendiliğinden ya da silika şeklinde değişik malzemelerle birleştirilmiş, ateşle sertleşmesi sağlanmış ve sinterlenmiş olan seramik çömlekler ya da kilden yapım edilmiş figürinlerdi. Sonraki aşamalarda ise seramikler, renkli yüzeyler oluşturma, camsı kullanım vesilesiyle gözeneklilik yapısını azalma ve pürüzsüz olma şeklinde amaçlarla sırlanmış, pişirilmiştir.
Bugün seramik teknolojisinin ulaşmış olduğu noktada ise seramikler; yerli, inşaat ve endüstriyel ürünlere ek olarak oldukca değişik seramik sanatlarına da dahil olmuştur. 20. yüzyıl itibariyle yarı iletken ürünler şeklinde ileri teknoloji seramik mühendisliği sahasında kullanılmak amaçlı olarak yeni seramik malzemeler tasarlanmış ve geliştirilmiştir. Tüm bu gelişimler sonucunda seramiklerin yaşam verdiği pek oldukca ürün, aksesuar, yapı ve materyal ortaya çıkmış durumdadır. İnşaat sahasında da kendine büyük bir kullanım alanı kabul eden seramikler; değişik yapısal özellikler barındırmak suretiyle yer ve duvar seramik modelleri olarak ayrılmaktadır. Evlere ve değişik yapılara, iç ve dış mekânda kaplama uygulaması sunan duvar seramik modellerinin temeli de bu gelişimlerin ürünüdür.
Seramik Teknolojisinin Gücü
Seramik teknolojisi ve mühendisliğinin gelişmesi, seramik ürünlerin insan hayatındaki rolünü, tesir ve enerjisini artırmıştır. Bugün seramikler, güzel duyu ve teknik tüm yapısal özellikleri ile günlük yaşamın bir malzemesi halindedir. Gelişim gücüne bakılacak olursak da gelecek dönemlerde ütopik işlevlerini ortaya koyabilecek bir ifade ve tasarım biçimine kavuşacaktır.
Seramik teknolojisi kapsamına giren tüm aşamaların başlama evresi, gerçekte ateşin kullanım evresine ve alanlarına; bu suretle seramiklerin pişirilmek amaçlı olarak yakılmasına dayanmaktadır. Sonrasında seramik arkeometresinin dâhil olmasıyla birlikte seramik malzemelerin doku ve kesitlerinde mineralojik, fizyolojik ve kimyasal araştırmaların bir neticesi olarak üretim koşulları saptanabilir olmuştur. Bu gelişimlerle birlikte bugünkü geniş kullanım alanlarına erişmiş olan seramikler, insan yaşamının yaşam alanlarındaki enerjisini yadsınamaz şekilde gösterir.
Seramik Teknolojisinin Gelişimiyle Ortaya Çıkan Duvar Seramik Modelleri
Duvar seramikleri, seramik teknolojisinin bir ürünü olarak iç ve dış mekân uygulama ve tasarımlarında yer alır. Bu aşamada hem iç mekân kaplamalarında hem de dış mekân kaplamalarında eğer olmazsa olmaz tasarım ve yapı ürünlerindendir. Yaratıcılık, dayanıklılık, güzel duyu, dekoratiflik şeklinde nüanslarıyla da değişik duvar seramik modelleri üretimine geçilmiştir. Değişik yaşam alanlarında kullanılan duvar seramik modellerinin teknik ve yapısal özellikleri ile ilgili veriler şu şekildedir;
Mekânların duvarlarında kaplama ürünü olarak geliştirilmiş duvar seramikleri, hususi dekorasyon materyalleriyle bütünleştirilerek de kullanıma uygun teknik yapıdadır. Teknolojide katedilen gelişimlerle değişik yüzey, renk, boyut ve marka seçenekleri oluşturulmuştur. Mutfak, balkon, banyo şeklinde ev vb. yapıların değişik yaşam alanlarında kullanılabilmektedir. Mutfak duvar seramikleri sınıfı modelleri; parlak, 3 boyutlu, saten, sırlı şeklinde değişik yüzeylerdeki malzemelerde çeşitlenerek üretilir. Banyo duvar seramikleri sınıfı modelleri; değişik yüzeylerde ısı, rutubet, su ve basınca dayanıklı malzemelerde çeşitlenerek üretilir. Balkon duvar seramikleri ise iklim ve hava şartlarına dayanıklılık hesabı öncelikli tutulup tuğla desenli, taş desenli vb. tasarımlarda çeşitlenerek modellenmektedir. İç ve Dış Mekân Duvar Seramik Teknolojisi Kullanım Alanları
Seramik teknolojisi, iç ve dış mekân tasarımlarında oldukça geniş bir kullanım alanına haizdir. Bu aşamada gerek iç gerekse dış mekânlarda kullanılan duvar seramiği uygulamaları; bir mekânın temelde mihenk taşını oluşturur. Buna nazaran iç mekân seramik teknolojisi ve dış mekân seramik teknolojisi ile ilgili genel-geçer veriler şu şekildedir;
İç Mekân Seramik Teknolojisi: -İç mekân kullanım alanları içinde banyo, mutfak, wc, antre vb. yaşam alanları yer alır.
-Bilhassa mutfak, wc ve banyo kullanımlarında (su, ısı, rutubet, tazyik vb. durumlara) dayanıklılık, (kir, kir tutma vb. durumlara karşı) kolay temizlenebilir özellikleri ile geliştirilmiştir.
-Bununla birlikte kaymaz modellerin üretimi ile ıslak zeminde düşme, kayma vb. risklere karşı çözüm sunulmuştur.
-Güzel duyu amaca hizmet etmesi açısından da değişik renk, motif, desen vb. formlarda seramik üretim teknolojisine yön verilmiştir.
Dış Mekân Seramik Teknolojisi: -Dış mekân kullanım alanları içinde bahçe, teras, balkon vb. yaşam alanları yer alır.
-Bahçe ya da balkon şeklinde dekorasyonlara uyumlu olabilecek boyut ve ölçülerde bu duvar seramikleri modellenmiştir.
-Dış cephe karoları, rutubet, rutubet şeklinde problemlere çözüm sunabilecek malzemelerden üretilmiştir.
-Bununla birlikte darbe ve sık kullanıma maruz kalabileceği için aşınmaz yapısal özelliklerde geliştirilmektedir.
-Geometrik desenler, minimal desenler ve natural dokulu desenler şeklinde tasarımlarla güzel duyu amaca da hizmet edebilecek formlarda üretim teknolojisine yön verilmiştir.
Başa dön tuşu