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Bilimkurgu Yazarlarının Geleceği Görmüş olduğu 12 Şey - HAKANSEYHAN
Bilim kurgu eserleri kendi içinde değişik alanlara ayrılıyor olsa da bazı eserler ve bazı yazarlar öbürlerinden ayrılıyor. Bazı yazarların tahminleri adeta müneccimlik olmalarıyla öne çıkıyor.
Dünyadaki derhal her insanın gelecek hakkında bazı tahminleri vardır. Bilimkurgu yazarlarının ise bu mevzuda hususi bir kabiliyeti olduğu aşikar. Pek fazlaca büyük bilim kurgu yazarı, bugün kullandığımız teknolojileri ve ürünleri fazlaca daha öncesinden kaleme almayı başardı.
Kredi kartı (Edward Bellamy)
Kredi kartları hayatımızın eğer olmazsa olmazları içinde içeriyor. 1950 senesinde ilk kere yaşamımıza giren kredi kartlarının düşünce olarak ortaya çıkışı ise fazlaca daha eski. Looking Backward adlı 1887 tarihindeki romanında yazar Edward Bellamy , bugünkü kredi kartına oldukça yakın bir konsepte haiz kartlardan bahsediyordu.
Kulaklık (Ray Bradbury)
Evlerin yanmadığı, itfaiyecilerin kitapları toplayıp yaktığı meşhur Fahrenheit 451 romanında Ray Brandbury , bugün bildiğimiz kulaklık ve airbuds konseptini bu kitapta kaleme almıştı. Deniz kabuğu adını verdiği bu konseptler, teknik olarak iki hoparlörün kafamıza yapıştırıldığı fazlaca pahalı kulaklıklar çağlarında oldukça beklenmedikti.
Uydular (Arthur C. Clarke)
Bilimkurgunun önde gelen isimlerinden olan Arthur C. Clarke , 2001: A Space Odyssey adlı eserinde uydu iletişiminin temel konseptini ortaya atmıştı. Meşhur yazarın o dönemde ortaya attığı öteki fikirler içinde akıllı saatler benzer biçimde teknolojiler de yer alıyordu.
Ay’a seyahat (Jules Verne)
Jules Verne’in Ay’a Gezi adlı kitabı oldukça popülerdir. Yazarın gelecek hakkında fazlaca fazla başarıya ulaşmış öngörüsü olsa da aralarında en popüler olarak Ay’a iniş gösterilir. Kısa hikayesi “From the Earth to the Moon” , yalnız Ay’a bir insanoğlunun ayak basmasını değil uzay aracının yapısından kalkışına ve kalkış yerine ve görevdeki astronota kadar bilmişti.
Güvenlik kameraları (George Orwell)
George Orwell’in klasik eseri 1984 , bugünkü yapıdan daha sıkı bir nezaret mekanizması içermesine karşın bazı noktalarda oldukça isabetli tahminlere sahipti. Bunlardan biri de CCTV kameralarıydı . Günümüzde ek olarak telefon aramaları, web aktiviteleri benzer biçimde sistemler de izlenebiliyor.
Video görüşme (Hugo Gernsback)
Huge Gernsback’ın eseri Ralph 124C 41+’ da yazar Telephot adını verdiği bir cihazdan bahsetmişti. Bu aygıt devasa bir ekran ve ona bağlı bir telefondan oluşuyordu. Böylece insanoğlu birbirlerini görerek iletişime geçebiliyordu. Gernsback’ın kitabı yayımlandığında ise yıl 1911 idi.
Antidepresanlar (Aldous Huxley)
Yürekli Yeni Dünya romanında Aldous Huxley insanların fena hissetmeme çalışmalarından bahseder. Bu çalışmaların bir parçası olarak da Soma adında olan bir ilaçtan bahsediyordu. Soma insanların negatif düşüncelerini aklından uzaklaştırıyordu. Bu kitabından seneler sonrasında doktorlar antidepresan ilaçları geliştirmeye başladı.
Genetik Mühendisliği (Aldous Huxley)
Yürekli Yeni Dünya romanında bir başka öne çıkan konsept de genetik mühendisliği idi. Gelecekte insanoğlu, değişik sınıflara ve toplumsal yapılara uygun olması amacıyla genetik olarak hususi olarak düzenleniyordu. Günümüzde durum o seviyede değil sadece gelmeyeceğinin de bir garantisi yok.
Tablet (Douglas Adams)
Otostopçunun Galaksi Rehberi’ nde Douglas Adams , tablet-e kitap okuyucu-Siri hibriti bir cihazdan bahsetmişti. Bu aygıt konuşuyor, dijital olarak detayları gösterebiliyor ve ana karakterlerimize de çeşitli bilgiler veriyordu. Sesle çalıştırmak da mümkündü.
Otonom Otomobiller (Ray Brandbury)
Şu anda otonom otomobiller günlük kullanımda fazlaca sık karşımıza çıkmıyor sadece bigün yaşamımıza gireceklerine kimsenin şüphesi yok. Bu konsepti ilk olarak gördüğümüz yer ise Brandbury’nin 1951 tarihindeki The Pedestrian romanı olmuştu.
İnternet (Mark Twain)
Yıl 1898. Mark Twain, telektroskop adlı bir şeyden bahsediyordu. Teknik olarak dial-up bağlantı olan bu sistem insanların telefon hatlarıyla küresel bir ağa bağlanıp, dünyanın her yerinden informasyon alıp görüntülere ulaşmayı sağlıyordu.
Transplant (Mary Shelley)
1818 senesinde Mary Shelley bir öykü kaleme aldı. The Çağdaş Prometheus adlı hikayede bilim sonunda ölüme galip gelmişti. Bunun yolu da organ naklinden geçiyordu. Doctor Frankenstein’da ise bir araya getirilmiş ölü dokulara elektrik verilerek ortaya çıkan yapı hayata döndürülüyordu. Bu eserde organ nakli, gerçekte yapılmadan 100 yıldan uzun bir süre ilkin ortaya çıkmıştı.
Başa dön tuşu