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En oldukca kahve tüketen ülkeler belli oldu: Finlandiya birinci - Son Dakika Iktisat Haberleri - HAKANSEYHAN
Türkiye’de kahve hem zamanı hem de toplumsal açıdan mühim bir yere haiz. Türk kahvesi, UNESCO tarafınca insanlığın somut olmayan kültürel mirası sıralamasında yer edinen mahalli ve kültürel içeceğimiz olarak kabul görüyor.
Son yıllardaki tüketici alışkanlıklarının değişmesiyle beraber ise artık kahve denince akla bir tek Türk kahvesi gelmiyor. Sayıları her gün çoğalan ülkemizdeki kahve markaları, dünyadaki en iyi çekirdeklerin izini sürüyor ve en kaliteli kahveleri öğütme ve demleme yöntemleriyle Türkiye’deki kahveseverlerle bir araya getiriyor.
Gourme Coffee Roasting Kurucusu Akın Kılıç, 20 yılı aşkın tecrübesiyle kaliteli ve taze kahveye dair detayları açıklıyor.
Kahvenin topraktan başlayıp fincana ulaşan yolculuğunun her aşaması itina istiyor.
Kahvenin hasattan başlayıp demlenerek içmeye hazır hale gelene kadar geçirdiği tüm süreçte gösterilen itina, kahvenin standardını etkiliyor. Bu süreç ise şu aşamalardan oluşuyor:
· Hasat: Kahve ağacının meyveleri, olgunlaştığında elle yada makineyle toplanır.
· İşleme: Kahve meyvelerinin çekirdekleri kabuklarından ayrılır. İşleme için ıslak yada kuru yöntemler kullanılabilir.
· Fermantasyon: Fermantasyon, kahve çekirdekleri için tat ve aroma geliştirmesine destek sunar.
· Kurutma: Kurutma, kahve çekirdeklerinin rutubet oranını düşürür ve bozulmayı önler.
· Sınıflandırma ve paketleme: Sınıflandırma, kahve çekirdeklerinin standardını ve boyutunu belirler. Paketleme, kahve çekirdeklerinin nakliye edilmesi ve depolanması için hazırlanmasını sağlar.
· Kavurma: Kavurma, kahve çekirdeklerinin rengini, kokusunu ve lezzetini değiştirir. Kavurma süresi ve sıcaklığı, kahvenin tadını etkisinde bırakır.
· Öğütme: Öğütme, kahve çekirdeklerinin demlenmeye hazır hale gelmesini sağlar. Öğütme kalınlığı, demleme yöntemine göre değişiklik gösterir.
· Demleme: Demleme, kahve çekirdeklerinden su ile tat ve aroma çıkarmayı sağlar. Demleme için değişik yöntemler vardır. Mesela filtre kahve, french press, moka pot, sifon kahve şeklinde.
En oldukca kullanılan kahve çekirdekleri: Arabica ve Robusta Dünya genelinde en oldukca tercih edilen 2 kahve türü var: Arabica ve Robusta. Bu iki kahve çeşidinin temel özellikleri ise şöyleki:
Arabica: Dünya kahve üretiminin ortalama yüzde 75’ini oluşturan Arabica, en oldukca tercih edilen kahve çeşidi unvanına haiz. Çoğunlukla Brezilya ve Kolombiya’da yetiştirilen Arabica kahve çekirdekleri, yumuşak bir tada haizdir ve tatlı, hafifçe asitli, çiçeksi ve meyvemsi tat profilleriyle biliniyor. Ek olarak daha azca kafein içerdikleri için daha hafifçe ve daha tatlı bir kahve deneyimi arayanlar tarafınca tercih ediliyor.
Robusta: Dünya kahve üretiminin ortalama yüzde 25’ini oluşturan Robusta, ikinci en oldukca tercih edilen kahve çekirdeği çeşitidir. Çoğunlukla Vietnam ve Endonezya’da üretilen Robusta kahve çekirdekleri, daha yoğun bir tada haizdir ve daha yüksek kafein ihtiva eder. Çoğu zaman acı, odunsu ve kekiksi bir tada haiz olduğundan espresso şeklinde yoğun kahve türlerini hazırlamak için kullanılır.
Gourme Coffee Roasting Kurucusu Akın Kılıç
En oldukca kahve üreten 5 ülke : Brezilya, Vietnam, Kolombiya, Endonezya ve Etiyopya
Bugün dünyada 70’ten fazla ülke kahve üretiyor. Sadece küresel üretimin yüzde 75 bir tek beş ülkeden geliyor: Brezilya, Vietnam, Kolombiya, Endonezya ve Etiyopya. Bu ülkeler, kahve çekirdeği ihracatıyla ekonomilerine katkıda bulunurken, hem de pazar paylarını çoğaltmak için kahve üretimine en elverişli bölgelerde yeni üretim alanları açmaya devam ediyor.
2022 senesinde da en oldukca kahve üreten ülke olan Brezilya, yılda 3 milyon 756 bin ton kahve üreterek dünya kahve üretiminin ortalama yüzde 40’ını karşılıyor. Brezilya’nın arkasından gelen Vietnam yılda ortalama 1 milyon 660 bin ton kahve üretimiyle toplam kahve üretiminden ortalama %20 hisse alırken, üçüncü sıradaki Kolombiya, yılda ortalama 756 bin ton kahveyle dünyadaki toplam kahve üretiminin ortalama yüzde 10’unu barındırıyor.
TÜRKİYE’DE KAHVE DEMLEME DEĞİŞİYOR
Türkiye’deki kahve markaları, değişik ülkelerden gelen kahve çekirdeklerini, değişik kavurma ve öğütme şekilleri ile hazırlayarak filtre kahve, french press, moka pot, sifon kahve şeklinde değişik demleme şekilleri ile sunuyor. Kahvenin tat ve aroma çeşitliliğini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlayan 3. nesil demleme kahve kültürü, Türkiye’deki kahveseverlerin bilhassa de gençlerin uzun süredir ilgisini çekiyor. Gourme Coffee şeklinde markaların Gallo Rosso şeklinde yenil nesil kahve dükkanları ise Türkiye’deki her geçen gün değişen kahve kültürünü dünya standartlarına taşımak için kaliteyi ön planda tutarak çalışmalarını sürdürüyor.
Peki hem Türkiye’de hem de dünyada en oldukca hangi ülkelerde kahve tüketiliyor?
Senelik şahıs başına kahve tüketiminde 12 kilogram ile Finlandiya ilk sırada geliyor. Onu 9,9 ile Norveç ve 9 kilogram ile İzlanda izliyor. 10 yıl öncesine kadar kahvenin şahıs başı tüketim miktarı 350 gram olan devletimizde ise bu oranın günümüzde 1,1 kilograma ulaşmış olduğu görülüyor.
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