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Yaptırım kıskacındaki Rusya’da kripto paralara talepte üstün dereceli artış - HAKANSEYHAN
Rusya’da vatandaşlar, tasarruflarını koruyabilmek ve yurt dışına para geçirme edebilmek için kripto paralara yoğun ilgi gösteriyor. Ülkede, Ukrayna’daki savaşın başlamasıyla rubleyle meydana getirilen bazı kripto para işlemlerinin hacimlerinde yüzde 400’e yakın artışlar yaşandı
AA muhabirinin derlediği bilgilere bakılırsa, işlem hacmi bakımından dünyanın en büyük kripto para borsası Binance verilerine bakılırsa, Ukrayna’da savaşın başlamasından bigün ilkin, 23 Şubat’ta, Rus rublesiyle işlem meydana getirilen Bitcoin (BTC) hacmi ortalama 100 BTC düzeyindeydi.
Savaşın başladığı 24 Şubat’ta ise bu sayı yüzde 330 artışla 430 BTC’ye çıkarken, 7 Mart’ta 500 BTC’ye terfi etti.
“Durağan(durgun) coin” olarak tanımlanan Tether’da ruble ile meydana getirilen işlemler de 23 Şubat’a kıyasla yüzde 400 artarak 28 Şubat’ta 35 milyon dolara çıktı.
Rusya Merkez Bankası tahminlerine bakılırsa Rusların kripto para birimleriyle senelik işlem hacmi ortalama 5 milyar dolar düzeyindeyken, bazı uzmanlara bakılırsa ise Rusya vatandaşlarının haiz oldukları toplam kripto varlıklar ortalama 200 milyar dolar düzeyinde bulunuyor.
Rus yetkililerin kripto paralara yaklaşımı değişti Rusya’da savaş öncesinde kripto paraların ülkede tümüyle yasaklanması gündeme gelirken, yetkililerin artık bu alana yönelik yaptıkları ılımlı açıklamalar da dikkati çekiyor.
Son olarak ülkenin en büyük bankası Sberbank’a dijital finansal varlıkları ihraç ve takas etme lisansı verilirken, Rus hükümeti, ülkede kripto para madenciliği yapanlara yönelik yasakların gelmeyeceğini aksine bu sektöre yönelik mevzuatların geliştirilmesi icap ettiğini duyurdu.
Rusya’da uygulamaya konulmuş olan ana para kontrolleri sebebiyle vatandaşların yurt dışına döviz gönderilmesi yasaklanırken, kripto para piyasalarına yönelik gönderilere ise herhangi bir engelleme getirilmedi.
Batılı ülkeler de Rusya’nın kripto paralarla yaptırımları delebileceği endişesiyle bu alanda çeşitli engellemeler getirmek istiyor.
Avrupa Merkez Bankası (ECB) Başkanı Christine Lagarde da dün yapmış olduğu açıklamada, kripto paraların Rusya’ya uygulanan yaptırımları delmekte kullanıldığını söylemiş oldu.
Sadece Rusya’daki en yaygın kripto para borsası Binance’ten meydana getirilen açıklamada, yaptırımların, kripto paraların “felsefesine” aykırı olduğu nedeni öne sürülerek Rusya’daki vatandaşların varlıklarına yada işlemlerine yönelik bir yasak getirilmeyeceği bildirildi.
“Kripto paralar ambargoyu aşabilmek için bir vasıta haline gelebilir” Mevzuya ilişkin AA muhabirinin sorularını yanıtlayan Moskova’daki Finans Üniversitesi’nin Sosyo-Ekonomik Araştırma Enstitüsü Direktörü Aleksey Zubyets, ülkede kripto paralara yönelik talebin daha da artacağını söylemiş oldu.
Rus rublesindeki kıymet kaybının söz mevzusu talebi artıran mühim bir unsur olduğuna işaret eden Zubyets, “Öteki sebebi ise şu anda yaptırımlar sebebiyle belirli ürünleri alabilmek için yurt dışına para göndermekte problem yaşıyoruz. ABD ve Avrupa Birliği tarafınca duyuru edilen ekonomik muharebede, kripto paralar ambargoyu aşabilmek için bir vasıta haline gelebilir.” dedi.
Zubyets, Türkiye’de de kabul edilen Mir sisteminin yanı sıra, Çin’le yuan kullanımı benzer biçimde çeşitli alternatiflerin geliştirildiğine işaret ederek, “Yeni bir internasyonal finansal ödeme sistemi şekilleniyor. Bu, öteki şeylerin yanı sıra kripto para birimlerini de içerecek ve bu yüzden kripto paraların Rusya pazarındaki önemleri daha da artacak.” diye konuştu.
Ekonomik muharebede kripto paraların görevi artacak Rusya’da yetkililer dahil kimsenin bu kadar fazla yaptırım uygulanmasını beklemediğine işaret eden Zubyets, “Şimdi Rusya Merkez Bankası ve bankalar internasyonal ödemeleri yapabilmek için kendi başlarına bazı planlar yapmak zorunda kalıyorlar. Bunlar, 10 yıl ilkin buluş edilmesi ihtiyaç duyulan ve Rus varlıklarının potansiyel olarak engellenmesini önleyecek araçlar. Ne yazık ki bu yapılmadı ve alternatif bir ödeme sistemi oluşturulması da dahil olmak suretiyle bazı önlemler alınmadığı için son 10-15 yılda kaybettiğimiz yitik dönemin bugün büyük seviyede bedelini ödüyoruz.” dedi.
Aleksey Zubyets, Rusya’nın kaybolan zamanı telafi etmek için emekler yürüteceğini belirterek, “Yakın gelecekte Rusya’da daha geniş bir kripto para sirkülasyonu olacağını ve kripto para biriminin ülkemizdeki tüm finansal sistemin istikrarını sağlama ve tekrardan yapılandırma araçlarından biri olacağını düşünüyorum.” yorumunda bulunmuş oldu.
Rusya’da yetkililerin daha ilkin kripto paraları yasaklamak isterken şimdi değişik bir yaklaşım sergilediğine yönelik bir suali yanıtlayan Zubyets, şöyleki konuştu:
“Mevcut ekonomik durumun uzun seneler süreceğini anlamamız lazım. Finans dünyası tekrar asla altı ay, bir yıl öncesindeki bir durumda olmayabilir. Bir tek Rusya-Çin bloku değil, birçok değişik finansal ve ekonomik blok arasındaki savaşım fazlaca daha keskin hale gelecek ve hayatımızda kalıcı bir fenomen haline gelecektir. Bu koşullar altında kripto paraların görevi de değişecek. Şunu anlamalısınız ki internasyonal finansta her insanın her insana karşı olduğu evrensel mücadelenin artacağını varsaydığımızda bahsettiğim fenomen sebebiyle kripto paralar gelecekte fazlaca daha yaygın bir ödeme aracı haline gelecek. Kripto paraların büyük bir geleceği var ve sual nasıl görüneceği, kripto para dolaşım sistemlerinin Rusya’da nasıl kurulacağıdır ve bunu önümüzdeki birkaç ay içinde, kim bilir önümüzdeki birkaç yıl içinde göreceğiz.”
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