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Yaşamın Temelindeki Proteinler Hakkında Büyük Bulgu! - HAKANSEYHAN
Bilim adamları, yaşamı mümkün kılan ilk proteinlerin temel unsurlarını belirlediklerini düşünüyorlar. Eğer haklılarsa, yaşamın cansız bir dünyadan nasıl ve hangi koşullarda ortaya çıkabileceğine dair büyük suali idrak etmek için yeni kapılar açabilir.
Yaşamın nerede başladığı ve ilkin DNA mı, RNA mı, yoksa bir karışımın mı geldiği mevzusunda pek oldukça araştırma ve münakaşa bulunuyor. Rutgers Üniversitesi araştırmacıları, hepimizin geldiği atasal proteinleri belirlemeye emek harcayarak suali değişik bir açıdan araştırıyorlar. Science Advances dergisinde gösterilen yazı ile bazı ihtimaller içinde cevaplar sağladılar.
Araştırmacılar, enerjiyi toplamanın ve kullanmanın yaşam için temel özellikler olduğu sonucuna vardı. Enerjinin deposu ne olursa olsun, kimyasal depolanması ve kullanımı elektron transferini ihtiva eder ve bu en başından beri doğru olmalıdır. Yaşam daha yeni başladığında, en kolay bulunan elektron iletkenlerini kullanımı mantıklıydı, devam ettiler. Erken okyanusta, bu, günün koşulları altında çözünür olan ufak geçiş metalleri alt kümesi olurdu.
Bundan dolayı, metalleri bağlayan proteinler, bu orijinal proteinlerin değişik amaçlara uygun versiyonları tarafınca meydana gelen sonraki birçok biyolojik işlevle beraber, yaşam için orijinal olması gerekiyor. Metal bağlama bugün yaşam için oldukça mühim olmaya devam ediyor, bundan dolayı yazarlar, yaşam ağacında bu görevi yerine getiren proteinlerde ortak özellikler arayarak orijinal proteinlerin yapısını aradılar. İşlevlerinden, geldikleri organizmadan yada işlenen metalden bağımsız olarak, neredeyse tüm geçiş metali bağlayıcı proteinlerdeki ortak noktaları bildiriyor.
Profesör Yana Bromberg yapmış olduğu açıklamada, “Proteinlerin kendileri olmasa da, mevcut proteinlerin metal bağlayıcı çekirdeklerinin hakikaten benzer bulunduğunu gördük ” dedi ve şu şekilde devam etti: “Ek olarak, bu metal bağlayıcı çekirdeklerin çoğu zaman LEGO blokları benzer biçimde tekrarlanan alt yapılardan oluştuğunu gördük.
İlginçtir ki, bu bloklar, yalnız metal bağlayıcı çekirdeklerde değil, proteinlerin öteki bölgelerinde ve çalışmada dikkate alınmayan öteki birçok proteinde de bulunmuş oldu.
Gözlemler, bu ufak yapı taşlarının tekrardan düzenlenmesinin, tek yada azca sayıda ortak ataya haiz olabileceğini ve şu anda mevcut olan tüm protein çeşitlerini ve işlevlerini, doğrusu bildiğimiz şekliyle yaşamı ortaya çıkarmış olabileceğini gösteriyor.
Neredeyse evrensel yapılar çoğunlukla oksidoredüktazlar, moleküller içinde elektronları aktarma eden enzimlerdir. Yazarlar, 3,8 milyar yıldan daha ilkin var oldukları sonucuna varıyorlar.
Büyük Oksidasyon Olayını takiben, proteinler çeşitlendi, oldukça sayıda yeni ve daha karmaşık yollarla katlandı. Yazarlar bunun orijinal dizileri tanımlamayı oldukça zorlaştırdığını, sadece yapılarına dayalı olarak protein bileşenlerinin evrimini izlemenin mümkün bulunduğunu düşünüyorlar. Bu süreçte, yapısal hizalamalarını kullanarak uzaktan ilişkili peptitleri (proteinlerin yapı taşlarını oluşturabilen kısa amino asit zincirleri) tanımladılar.
Yaşamın nasıl ortaya çıktığına dair herhangi bir iç görü benzer biçimde bu da, Dünya’nın ötesinde yaşam arayışında yararlı olabileceğini düşünüyoruz…
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