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Yellowstone Süper Volkanı Patlarsa Ne Olur? - HAKANSEYHAN
ABD’de olmasına karşın patlarsa bir tek ABD’yi değil tüm dünyayı tesiri altına alacak Yellowstone süper volkanını tanıyoruz. Binlerce metre yüksekliğe lav fırlatma kapasitesine haiz volkanı 2012 filmimizde de görmüştük.
Dünya’mız her ne kadar durgun görünse de aslen devamlı hareket halinde yaşayan bir dev. Kabuğunun üstünde sunmuş olduğu o ılımlı hayata ek olarak içine indiğimizde bizleri binlerce santigrat derecelik katmanlar karşılıyor. Her ne kadar biz bu alt katmanları göremiyor olsak da kimi zaman yanardağ patlamalarıyla beraber magmayı gözlemleyebiliyoruz . Devletimizde ve dünyada pek oldukca yanardağ bulunuyor. Bu yanardağların oldukca büyük bir kısmı halihazırda uyuyan yanardağlar. Normal olarak bunlar içinde etken yanardağlar da bulunuyor.
Bugün sizlere anlatacağımız mevzu ise yukarıda bahsettiğimiz yanardağlardan oldukca daha tehlikeli bir dev. Bir süper yanardağ olan Yellowstone Ulusal Parkı’ndan bahsediyoruz. Bir yanardağ denildiğinde aklınıza yalnız ve büyük dağlar gelebilir, sadece Yellowstone öyleki bir dağ değil. Bir kaldera olan Yellowstone, oldukca geniş bir alana yayılıyor. Öyleki birkaç yüzyılda bir patlama da yaşamıyor. Genel anlamda daha azca, sadece oldukca kuvvetli patlamalarla karşımıza çıkıyor Yellowstone. Bugün size “Yellowstone patlarsa neler yaşarız, dünya ve ülkemizi neler bekler? ” şeklindeki sorulara yanıt vermeye çalışacağız.
Yellowstone’un geçmişinde neler yaşandı?
ABD’nin Wyoming eyaletinde bulunan Yellowstone, daha ilkin 3 büyük patlama yaşamış bir volkan. Bunlardan ilki 2,1 milyon yıl ilkin, ikincisi 1,3 milyon yıl ilkin ve sonuncusu 664.000 yıl ilkin yaşandı. Bu patlamalar haricinde bazı minik patlamalar yaşandı, sadece bu patlamalar Yellowstone’un öteki patlamalarıyla karşılaştırılacak düzeyde değildi.
Yellowstone süper volkanı patlasaydı ne olurdu?
Yellowstone’un en azından önümüzdeki birkaç bin yıl daha patlaması beklenmiyor, sadece oldu da bu süper volkanın devasa bir güçle patlayacağı tuttu. Bu şekilde bir durumda bizi neler bekliyor?
Yellowstone süpervolkanı; 60 kilometre uzunluğa, 29 kilometre de genişliğe haiz. Ek olarak bölgenin 8 kilometre derinliğinde bir magma odası yer ediniyor. Kafi tazyik sağlandığında adeta bir saatli bomba misali bu bölge patlayacak ve yüzlerce hatta binlerce kilometre küp araç-gereç 22 kilometre yükseğe fırlatılacak. Peki bu şekilde bir patlamanın ne benzer biçimde sonuçlar olur.
Ilk olarak patlama 64 kilometre çapında bulunan nerede ise her şeyi yok edecek. Denver, Salt Lake City, Boise benzer biçimde ABD şehirleri bu patlamayla beraber muhtemelen yok olacaktır. Normal olarak patlamanın tesirleri bununla sınırı olan kalmayacak. Atmosfere çok önemli oranda volkanik araç-gereç ulaşacağı için bu malzemeler zehirli kül olarak daha geniş bir alana yayılacak.
Neredeyse tüm ABD’nin üstüne volkanik zehirli kül yağacak. Bilhassa Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Colorado benzer biçimde eyaletlere 1 metreye kadar volkanik kül yağacak. Volkanik kül; parçalanmış kaya ve cam karışımından oluşacak ve bu araç-gereç; bitkileri ve hayvanları öldürecek, çatıları ezecek ve sayısız elektrikli ekipmanını dönem dışı bırakacak.
Yellowstone süpervolkanı patlarsa Türkiye’ye tesirleri ne olur?
Eğer bu denli büyük bir patlama yaşanırsa tüm dünyada olduğu benzer biçimde vatanımızda de ciddi tesirleri olacaktır. ABD’de binlerce ve hatta lüzumlu tedbir alınmazsa milyonlarca insanoğlunun ölümüne neden olacak bu naturel afet, atmosfere öylesine büyük oranda zehirli madde yollayacak ki dünyanın öteki ucunda bile bunun tesirleri hissedilecek. Volkandan çıkan parçalar güneş ışığını atmosferden geri yansıtan kükürt aerosolleri içeriyor. Bu da iklimin hızla soğumasına neden olacak.
74 bin yıl ilkin Toba Gölü’nde patlayan süper volkan, atmosfere 2800 km³ araç-gereç yollamış ve bunun sonucunda Dünya’da 10 yıl süresince volkanik kış oluşmuştu. Dünya genelinde 3 ila 5 santigrat derecelik bir düşüşe yol açan bu patlamanın bir benzeri Yellowstone patlamasında da yaşanabilir. Bu da ülkemiz dahil tüm dünyanın geçici bir süreliğine soğuk bir iklime gireceğini bizlere gösteriyor.
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Avrupa’nın En Yüksek Yanardağı Etna, Bir Ay İçerisinde İkinci Kez Patladı: Püsküren Küller Binlerce Metreye Ulaştı [Video] Yellowstone süper volkanının patlaması planlanıyor mu?
Yellowstone’la ilgili pek oldukca kıyamet senaristliği bulunsa da bu volkanın bu denli büyük boyutlarda patlama ihtimali oldukca fakat oldukca düşük. Bölgede şu anda bir patlama ihtimali bulunmuyor. Yellowstone’un son 3 büyük patlaması ele alındığında süper volkanın herhangi bir yılda patlama olasılığının yüzde 0,00014 olduğu ortaya çıkıyor. Bu oran, uygarlığı yok eden bir asteroidin Dünya’ya çarpma ihtimalinden daha düşük. Hatta uzmanlara bakılırsa Yellowstone, tekrar büyük bir patlama yaşamayabilir.
Yellowstone süper volkanının 2012 filmindeki patlama anı:
Bugün sizlere patarsa tüm dünyayı etkileyecek Yellowstone süper volkanını ve patlama yaşanırsa nelerle karşılaşabileceğimizi açıkladık. Mevzu hakkında düşüncelerinizi yorumlar kısmında bizlerle paylaşmayı ihmal etmeyin.
Kaynak: 1, 2, 3
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